BULKLEY, PETER, 1583-1659; b. England; the earliest minister in Concord, Mass. He was his father's successor at Woodhull, England, but was removed for non-conformity, and in 1635, with a number of other emigrants, founded the Concord settlement. He wrote several Latin poems, and a work called The Gospel Covenant Opened, published in England. His son Edward succeeded him in the ministry.
BULL (Lat. bulk, primarily, anything round or swelling) was originally the name of the capsule of the seal appended to letters from emperors or from the pope. Afterwards, the word was applied to the seal, and next to the document itself, as in the case of the cele brated golden bull of the emperor Charles IV., which was so 'mined from the golden cap sule appended to imperial letters and other important documents by the Byzantine and Frank emperors as early as the 9th century. They are issued by the apostolic chancel lor, and are dated "from the day of incarnation," whereas briefs are always dated " from the day of the nativity." The name is now applied exclusively to letters or docu ments issued in the name of the pope. In cases of granting favors, etc., the seal is appended to the open letter by a yellow or red band of silk; but in the administration of justice, a gray hempen band is used. All bulls, excepting those addressed to the united Greek Christians, are written in Latin with Gothic letters, and on the rough side of the parchment. See BRIEF. All bear the name and title of the pope—for example, Gregorius Episcopus Serrus Servorum Del, etc., is prefixed; then follows a general introduction, of which the initial words are used to give a distinct naine to the B., as in the examples: the
B. &surge Domine, issued by pope Leo X. against Luther in 1520; the B. In Ccena Domini, the celebrated B. against heretics, often reissued since 1536; the famous Unigenitus, or B. against Quesnel's writings, 1713; the Dominus ac Redemptor .21"oster, or B. for the abolition of the order of Jesuits; the Ecclesia Christi, or the B. which completed the concordat with France in 1801; the De Salute Animarunt, or the B. for the regula tion of the Catholic church iu Prussia. To every B., the leaden seal of the church is appended, bearing on the obverse the arms of the pope, and on the reverse his name. Bulls issued during the interim between the election and consecration of a pope have no armorial bearings on the seal. A. bullarium, is a collection of papal bulls, as the Bullarium, Magnum 1?omanum a Leone Jfagno ad Benedictum XIII (19 vols., Luxembourg. 1727-58), the B. Romanum, (28 vols., Rome, 1737-44), and the B. Benedicti XIV. (Mechlin, 1826-27), and more recently., the continuation of the Bullarium Romanum, Magnum, by Barberini (Vienna, 1835).—Front the same medimval Latin word bulla is derived the word bulletin (Ital. bulletino), commonly applied to dispatches from generals, reports of the health of royal personages, and on the continent, at least. to other brief authenticated documents, such as those of scientific societies, the best known of which are the bulletins of the St. Petersburg and Belgic academies. It is, moreover, used as a title for periodicals, and, in France, also desig nates the slips of paper on which electors write their votes.