Switzerland.-The trade of this confederation has flourished considerably. In 1833, its consumption was about 0,000,000 lbs.; in 1843, about 22,000,000 lbs.; in 1859, about 28,000.000 lbs.; in 1874, about 52,500,000 lbs. The first spinning-machine was set up at Zurich in 1807. In 1826, the number of spindles was 300,000; in 1830, 400,000; in 1835, 650,000, in 1840, 750,000; in 1845, 850,000; in 1850, 950,000; in 1860, 1,350,000; and at the present time, about 2,100,000. Prior to the Franco-Prussian war, the Swiss spinners received the bulk of their raw material vig France, but now they are supplied mainly through Holland and Germany. The manufactured products of Switzerland are well liked, and compete successfully with those of England in the various continental markets.
Holland.-The C. trade of 'Tolland is chiefly a transit one. The imports in 1872, reached 268,000 bales; in 1873, 180,000 bales; and in 1874, 168.000 bales. The deliver ies were 224,000 in 1872; 180,000 in 1873; and 183,000 in 1874; but only about 28,000 bales per annum were retained for consumption, the remainder passing to Germany, etc. The number of spindles in Holland is about 230.000.
German Empire.-Under this head are included the various political divisions of Germany. The several states have made considerable progress in the production of C. fabrics. The C. is received chiefly through the ports of Hamburg and Bremen, but a considerable quantity is also received v14 Holland and Belgium, while a further portion is received into South Germany from Trieste. The average imports into Hamburg. Bre men, Amsterdam, and Rotterdam, in the five years ended with 1840, reached 109,000 bales; • in the five years ended with 1855, they averaged 233,000 bales; in the three years ended with 1874, they averaged 655,000 bales. The deliveries in the last-named period, how.
ever, did not exceed 044,000 bales-the balance being retained in stock. The number of spindles in Germany in 1846, was about 815,000; in 1853, 2,000.000; and in 1874, 3,500,000, besides 1,700,000 in Alsace; making a total of 5,200,000. The Germans con sume nearly the whole of their own produce, and are besides large buyers of English yarns and goods. The leading seat of the manufacture after Alsace is Saxony; then follow Bavaria, Prussia, Baden, Wurtemberg, etc.
Austria.-In the C. trade, Austria has made the least progress of any country on the continent. In 1834, there were in all Austria, including Lombardy and Venice. about 1,533,000 spindles; while in 1872 (including the Italian provinces for the purpose of com parison) there were only 1,900,000-au increase of only 24 per cent in 18 years. The
manufacturers receive nearly the whole of their raw material rid Trieste. The deliveries from that port averaged about 82,000 bales in the five years ended with 1840; 107,000 in 1851-55; and 125,000 in the three years ended with 1874. The C. trade of Trieste has increased considerably since the opening of the Suez, canal, by which means the spin ners of Austria and South Germany have been brought into direct communication with India. Formerly a large quantity of C. was annually exported from Liverpool to Trieste, but the success of N. Lesseps' enterprise has entirely destroyed this branch of trade.
statistical mftterials to this part of the continent are very scanty. The imports into Genoa and Naples in 1831 amounted to about 31,000 bales; in 1860, they reached 94,000, but a good. portion of this was forwarded to Switzerland and other places. In 1870, the import was only 47,000 bales; in 1871, the figures reached 92,000; in 187, fell to 64,000. There are considerable imports also into Venice and Naples. The number of spindles in Italy is estimated to amount to about 700,000, capable of using 83,000 bales per annum.
C. trade of Spain is the oldest in Europe, but until recently has made the slowest progress of any. During the past twenty-five years, however, things have greatly improved. In 1850, the annual consumption was only about 80,000 bales; in 1860, it reached 106.000; in 1870. 152.000; and in 1874, 189,000. There are in Spain about 1,500,000 spindles, capable of using about 189,000 bales of 370 lbs. each.
Bassia. -The C. manufacture of this empire is of comparatively recent origin. The imports of raw C. in 1824-26 (average of three years) were only 2,700,000 lbs.; hi 1833-35, they reached 6,200,000 lbs.; in 1845-47, 28,000,000 lbs.; in 1853-55, 55.000,000 lbs.; in 1858-60, 94,000,000 lbs ; and in 1869-70, 100,000,000 lbs., besides a considerable quantity from Bokhara, say from 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 lbs. This immense increase in the consumption of raw C. has considerably curtailed the demand for English yarn. In 1833, we exported 19,311,877 lbs. yarn to Russia, but in 1865, only lbs.; and in 1872, about 3,000.000 lbs. The number of spindles in Russia is estimated at 2,100,000, capable of using 136,000,000 lbs. of cotton. Except in times of depressed trade, the mills work night and day, each mill having two sets of hands.