FARI'NI, CARLO Lutes, an Italian author and statesman, was b. in 1822, at Rossi, in Ravenna, in the n. of Italy. Having, with great success, studied medicine at Bologna, F. first became known by several publications belonging to the science of medicine, and soon afterwards by contributions to various scientific periodicals. In 1841 and 1842, having mixed himself up with politics, he was obliged to leave the Roman states, and change his residence repeatedly. until be finally settled at Turin. The amnesty following shortly upon the accession of Pio Nono, opened to F. not only his native country, but also a new career, through the liberal system inaugurated by the supreme pontiff. In 1847, he was called into the reformed ministry, as a substitute to the home secretary; in 1848, he was present in the suite of Carlo Alberto at Volta, and after the flight of the king, protested against the proclaiming of a republic. During the short ministry of the unfortunate Rossi (q.v.), F. was director-p..,en. of the sanitary and prison department at Rome, from which post, however, he retired as soon as the reaction under Antonelli began to be established. Upon the occupation of Rome by the French, F. became once more an exile, but for a short time only, for in Piedmont he found a home as well as public honors. In 1850, he held the seat of minister of public instruction in the cabinet of Victor Emmanuel II., and on retiring from office,
was named a member of the supreme council. When Central Italy resolved to annex itself to the kingdom of Victor Emmanuel, by means of universal suffrage, it was F. who directed the popular mind with such admirable success that, on the clay of ballot-, not one vote was delivered asking for a separate kingdom. As governor of Central Italy, he showed an undaunted courage against the threats of Austria, and exhibited a thoroughly consistent moderation against the unruly promptings of the Mazzinians. The sathe qualities accompanied his measures when the newly acquired kingdom of Naples was to be reorganized. In 1861, F. became minister of commerce and public works. In 1862, lie took office as president of the cabinet, which he resigned in 1863. He died in 1866. It has been said that " Farini was the mind of Italy, as Garibaldi was its sword." Among his literary productions may be mentioned, Zl State Romano (The Roman State), translated into English under the superintendence of the right Hon. W. E. Gladstone (London, 4 vols., 1859); Storia d'Italia (History of Italy), a continua tion of Botta's celebrated work. F. was also a contributor to count Cavour's Risorgi mento.