The chief manufacture of D. is poplin, which is much celebrated. This, with some glass-works, cotton and linen factories, foundries, distilleries, breweries, and those workshops which are necessary to supply domestic wants, are the main branches of industry. In this regard, D. has been much more of a capital, and less of a manufac turing and export city than London; but a considerable change in the industrial char acter of the city has been going on for several years. The direct foreign trade, though. increasing, is very limited Glasgow, Liverpool, and Bristol intercepting the greater portion of it. Much of the inland traffic is carried on by the canals above mentioned, and by the railways (now extending to all parts of Ireland), and consists principally of articles of dairy and farm produce from the central counties. The principal banks are the Bank of Ireland, the Royal, the National, Provincial, Hibernian, and Munster, with some private establishments.
The great educational institution of D. is Trinity college and university. See DUB LIN, trictvEnstry OF. There is also a Catholic university, the medical school of which has been very successful. In regard to schools, D. is not well supplied. The education of the upper and middle classes is left chiefly toprivate enterprise. For the humbler classes, much has been done by the national board (whose model schools are attended by large numbers of children), by the church education society, the Christian brothel*, and Catholic brotherhoods and sisterhoods, and other agencies. There are many lite rary and scientific societies, dealing with subjects of general knowledge, or with mat ters of local or national interest. There are two botanic gardens—one at Glasnevin, belonging to the royal Dublin society, and one near Donnybrook, connected with the university. The hospitals, asylums, orphanages, and other charitable institutions are numerous, and liberally ' r The municipal affairs are under the control of a town-council, which consists of a lord mayor, 15 aldermen, and 45 councilors. The revenue which they derive from rents, customs, and other sources, was, in 1874-75, £286,804. There is a large police
force, which has charge of the city and of all the surrounding country as far as 8 m. from the castle. The city sends two members to parliament. The population of the municipal borough in 1871 was 246,326, of whom 195,180 were Roman Catholics, 39,897 Episcopalians, 4,517 Presbyterians, and the rest of other denominations; of part. bor. 267,717.
The environs of D. are especially beautiful. Rathmines, a southern suburb, has become a large township, and is the favorite residence of the wealthier part of the mer cantile community. Glasnevin, on the n., deserves special notice as the favorite residence of the poet Tickell, of Addison, Steele, Parnell, Swift, Sheridan, and many other celebrated men. In the cemetery at Glasnevin lie the remains of Curran, O'Con nell, and Tom Steele. The Phoenix park is a magnificent area of nearly 2,000 acres, in some parts level, in others with broken ground, having a large amount of timber and brushwood, which shelter immense herds of deer. It affords ample scope for military reviews, and is most extensively used by the inhabitants of D. of all classes for recrea tion. D., as a whole, with its magnificent bay—which has often been compared to the bay of Naples—splendid park, massive public buildings, wide streets, spacious and well kept squares, clean and elegant quays, and beautiful environs, is one of the most hand some and delightful capitals of Europe.
Therem-are numerous places of worship, Catholic and Protestant, monasteries, con vents,. friaries, and a Jewish synagogue. The most remarkable among the Protestant churches are St. Patrick's cathedral, restored by the munificence of a single individual, and Christ church, which has also undergone restoration; and among the Catholic, St Mary's, St. Saviour's, St. Augustine's, St. Kivin's.
he number of vessels entered inwards iu the port of D. was, in 1875, 7,216, with a tonnage of 1,677,552; cleared outwards, 3,749, with a tonnage of 1,150,256. The customs revenue in 1874 was £1,064,580.