DUNDEE' (Lat. Taodunum, the "hill or fort on the Tay") a royal parliamentary and municipal burgh and seaport, in the s. of Forfarshire, on the left bank of the estuary of the Tay, here two in. broad, 10 in. from the entrance of that river into the sea, 50 in. n.n.e. of Edinburgh, 20 e.n.e. of Perth, and 14 s.c. of Forfar. In population, it is the third town in Scotland. It stands mostly on the slope between Dundee law (525 ft. high, composed of trap, and with traces of ancient vitrification) and Balgay hill and the Tay. The new streets are wide and well laid out. The most striking architectural features of the town are—the town hall, in the Roman Ionic style, with a spire 140 ft. high, erected by the "elder Adams," in 1734; the Albert institute and free library, in 15th c. Gothic, from designs by sir Gilbert Scott, .recently erected at a cost of £30,000; the royal ex change, built in the Flemish pointed style of the 15th c., at a cost of upwards of £12,000, and opened in 1856; the eastern club house; the corn exchange, capable of containing 2,000 people; the infirmary; the justiciary and sheriff court buildings; the post-office; the high school; the town's churches, with the old tower, 156 ft.. high, restored in 1873, under the charge of sir Gilbert Scott, at a cost of £7,000; St. Paul's Episcopal church, with a tower and spire 217 ft. high; St. Paul's free church, with a tower and spire 167 ft. high; and St. Enoch's free church, with two handsome towers; the Morgan hospital (opened 1868), erected and endowed at a cost of nearly £80,000, under the will of John Morgan, a native of Dundee, for the maintenance and education of 100 boys; and the new orphan asylum. D. has several public parks, one of which, the Baxter park, on a beautiful slope to the eastward of the town, is 37 acres in extent, and was presented by the late sir David Baxter, at a cost of £50,000; another, to the westward of the town, occupies the hill of Balgay, and is finely wooded and beautifully laid out, its extent being about 60 acres. D. is the chief seat in Great Britain of the manufac ture of coarse linen fabrics (Osnaburgs, shectings, ducks, dowlas, drills, canvass, and cordage). Manufactures of jute are almost exclusively carried on here. The consumption
in D. of this material, which is grown in India, amounts to fully 120,000 tons annually. The raw material costs in D. a little over 2d, per lb. and the cloth made from it, reek oned by weight, is the cheapest textile fabric made in Great Britain. Of jute many varieties of fabric are made, from the coarsest nail-bagging to carpets of. great beauty. This range includes packages for every species of -merchandise, sacks for wool, coffee, guano, etc. The annual value of the flax, hemp, and jute manufactures in D. is upwards of £5,500,000. D. is also famous for its manufacture of confectionery, which is exported to all parts of the world. One firm uses 150 tons of bitter oranges annually in the manufacture of marmalade. D. is the center of the whale and seal fishing trade of Great Britain. Ship-building (both wood and iron) and machine-making are carried on to some extent. D. has magnificent harbors in addition to the tide harbor, several large wet docks, a graving-dock, and a slip for large vessels. The docks have been erected at a cost of upwards of £700,000. In 1875, 1450 vessels of 393,525 tons entered, and 869 vessels of 246,968 tons cleared the port. At the n. end of the mid quay stands the royal arch, in commemoration of her majesty's landing here in 1844. D. is Well sup plied with water. A little to the w. of D. one of the largest iron bridges ever con structed is being built across the Tay. It is to cohsist of 90 spans, some 245 feet long. Pop. '71, 118,977. D. sends two members to parliament. It was an important place in the 12th century. Edward I. was hem in 1296 and 1303. Wallace is said to have taken the castle in 1297, and Bruce demolished it in 1313. The duke of Lancaster burned D. in 1385, and the marquis of Montrose pillaged it in 1645. Charles I.I. lived / here, after his coronation at Scone, in 1650. On the refusal of D. to submit to Crom well, gen. Monk, 1651, sacked and burned it, massacring 1000 citizens and soldiers, and filling 60 vessels with booty, which were totally wrecked on their voyage to England. D. was one of the first Scotch towns to adopt the reformation. Wishart the martyr preached here during the plague of 1544.