DYEING OF COTTON.—The following receipts for the dyeing of cotton apply to 10 lbs. weight of cotton yarn or cloth, which is found to be the smallest quantity capable of being well-dyed at one time. The proportions of each ingredient may be altered, how ever, so as to correspond with the quantity of cloth or yarn to be operated upon.
1. Common 3 lbs. sumach, and treat with hot water; steep the goods in the hot decoction for some hours; wring out; wash for 10 minutes in lime-water, and for 30 minutes in a solution of 2 lbs. copperas. Wash the goods well in cold water, sometimes repeating the treatment with lime, and rewashing; then work the goods for 30 minutes in a warm solution of 3 lbs. of logwood, and afterwards with 2 ozs. copperas; work again for 10 minutes; wash and dry.
2. Jet Blae1.—Proceed as at 1, adding 1 lb. of fustie with the logwood; and when 3 pints of iron liquor are used instead of the 2 ozs. of copperas, a more brilliant black is obtained.
3. Blue Blaek.—Use the indigo blue vat, and then proceed as at 1.
4. Brown.—Treat the goods with a yellow dye; then work for 30 minutes in a decoc tion of 2 lbs. lima wood and 8 ozs. logwood; lift and work with 2 ozs. alum for 15 min utes; then wash and dry.
5. Cateelzu Brown.—Immerse the goods at a boiling temperature in a decoction of catecbu ; then work for 30 minutes in a hot solution of 6 ozs. bichromate of potash.. Wash in hot water, and if the latter contain a little soap, the color will be improved.
6. filloeolate or French. Brown.—Dye the goods with a spirit yellow; then treat for half an hour with a solution of 3 lbs. of logwood; raise with a little red liquor; work for 10 minutes; wash, and dry.
7. Red.—Make a hot solution of 3 lbs. of sumach; introduce the goods, and let stand till the liquor is cold; then wring out, and work in water containing in each gal lon a gill of red spirits (prepared by adding 2 oz, of feathered degrees to a mix ture of three parts of hydrochloride acid, one part of nitric acid, and one of water in the cold) for 30 minutes; wring and wash well; then work the goods for 30 minutes in a lukewarm decoction of 3 lbs. of lima-wood and 1 lb. of fustic; add a gill of red spirits; work the goods longer; wash, and dry. The famous Turkey-red is imparted to the cloth by first impregnating it with an oily or fatty substance, and then subjecting it to a decoction of madder. It is one of the most durable of all colors.
8. Yellow or Straw.—Work the goods in a weak solution of acetate of lead; then wring out, and work in a dilute solution of bichromate of potash; wring out, and work again in the lead solution; wash, and dry.
9. Leghorn Yellow.—Proceed as at 8, but add a little annotto liquor with the solution of bichromate of potash 10. Spirit Yellow.—Work the goods through a weak solution of protochloride of tin for 30 minutes; then work in a solution of quercitron bark for 15 minutes; lift out, and work again in tin solution, and wash in cold water.
11. as at 8, and afterwards pass through lime-water at the boiling point, ultimately washing in cold water.
12. goods are worked in various strengths of solutions of salts of iron, such as nitrate of iron; wring out; wash in water, and then work in solution of yellow prussiate of potash; wring out, and wash in water containing a little alum. The vari ous shades of blue may be obtained by stronger or weaker solutions.
13. Green.—Dye the cloth blue; then work in red liquor (acetate of alumina); wash in water; work in decoction of fustic or bark; raise with solution of alum; wash in cold water, and dry. The darker shades of green, as olive or bottle green, are brought out by the use of sumach and•logwood along with the fustic.
14. Puce or Lilac.—Work the cloth or yarn in red spirits (see 7), then in logwood solution at a temperature of 140° F., adding a little red spirits, red liquor, or alum; wash, and dry; or dye the cloth blue (12); then work in solution of logwood; add alum; work again ; wash, and dry.
15. Purple.—Soak the goods in a warm decoction of sumach till cold; work for an hour in red spirits; wash; work in hot solution of logwood ; then add a little red spirits, and work again; wash, and dry. The various shades of purple may be obtained by altering the strength of the chemicals; the more sumach, the browner the hue, and the more logwood, the bluer the purple becomes.
16. Lavender or Peach —Work the goods for 20 minutes in spirit-plumb (a strong solution of logwood, treated with about one sixth of its volume of a solution of tin, made by dissolving tin in six or seven parts of hydrochloric acid, one part of nitric acid, and one of water); wring out, and wash well in cold water.
17. Safflower Lavender is obtained by dyeing the goods a light-blue, then working in decoction of safflower, which places a pink on the top of the blue.
18. the goods in a decoction of sumac; lift, add copperas; rework; wash in water; then work in a mixed decoction of fustic, lima wood, and logwood; raise with a little alum; wash, and dry. Catechu is occasionally employed.