ERROR, PROCEEDINGS IN, the form by which in England the unsuccessful party in an action at law, until the judicature acts of 1875, brought his case for consideration before a court of review. Error may be in fact or in law. If the error were in fact, the case, under the old system, was heard before the court in which the action was •originally tried; if the error were iu law, proceedings required to be taken before the court of exchequer chamber (q.v.). Where a party disputed the ruling of the judge, form was by bill of exceptions (q.v.) under statute of Westminster the second (13 Ed. I. c. 31). According to the former practice, it was necessary, in order to obtain a review on the ground of error, that an original writ, called a writ of error, should be issued. The writ, if the error was in fact, was styled c,oram nobis, where the case was in the queen's bench, the sovereign being presumed to preside in that court; if in the other courts, the writ was coram, vobis. Writ of error is abolished by the judicature acts, and so is a bill of exceptions. Since 1875, all appeals are to the court of appeal by way of
rehearing, and are brought by notice of motion in a summary way, and no petition or other formal proceeding other than such notice of motion is now necessary. The apel hint may by the notice of motion appeal from the whole or part of any judgment, and this does not usually stay proceedings. Nearly all the judgments of the divisional courts of the high court are subject to appeal to the court of appeal and thence to the house of lords. The jurisdiction was transferred to the high court of justice in 1875, which used formerly to be vested in the common pleas at Lancaster and at Durham, and which used to be by writ of error to the queen's bench. Writs of error used formerly also to be brought on judgments of inferior courts. But since the establishment of county courts and the changes introduced by the judicature acts, the analogous proceeding is an appeal by way of a case stated for opinion of the high court, and sometimes by motion in a summary way.