GLANVILLE. The earliest treatise on the laws of England, Tractatus de Leg/bus et Consuetudinibus Anglice, is written by Glanville. Of this work, prof. Robertson says (Fist. of Charles V.). that it is supposed to have been the first undertaking of the kind in any country in Europe. It was composed about 1181. The author is generally supposed to have been Raunlphus de Glanville, chief-justice in the reign of Henry II. Sir Matthew Hale, while he admits the date of the work to have been in the reign of that monarch, appears to hesitate to ascribe the authorship to the chief-justice. Lord Campbell (Lives of the Chief- Justices, i. 25) remarks that Glanville, in some points, is still of authority, and may be perused with advantage by all who take an interest in our legal antiquities. This author is to be considered the father of English jurisprudence. Bracton, who writes in the following century, is more methodical, but he draws largely from the Roman civil law, and is often rather speculative; while Glanville actually details to us the practice of the aula regis in which he presided, furnishes us with a copious supply of precedents of writs and other procedure then in use, and explains with much precision the distinction and subtilties of the system which, in the fifth Nor man reign, had neatly superseded the simple juridical institutions of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors." This work was first printed in the year 1554, at the instance of sir W. Stan ford, a judge of the Common Pleas. The treatise of Glanville closely resembles the Scottish Regiam Majestatem (q. v.). " The latter," says Coke (Inst. iv. 345), "doth in substance agree with our Glanville, and most commonly de verbo in verbum, and many times our Glanville is cited therein by special name." A dispute has arisen, in conse quence of this close similarity, as to which country shall claim the honor of producing the original work. Mr. Erskine does not hesitate to claim the distinction for Scotland; but lord Stair, following the opinion of Craig, frankly admits " that those books, called Regiam Majestatem, are no part of our law, but were compiled for the customs of Eng land, in thirteen books, by the earl of Chester, and by some unknown and inconsiderate hand stolen therms, and resarcinate in those four books which pass amongst us" (Stair, i. 1, s. 16).
GLA'RlYS, a canton in the n.e. of Switzerland,is triangular in shape, and is bounded on the n.e. by the canton of St. Gall, on the s.e. by that of the Grisons, and on the w. by those of Schwyz and (Sri. It has an area of 262 sq.m.; and. in 1876, it had 36,362 inhabitants, of whom near 7,000 were Catholics, the others almost all Calvinists. The surface is mountainous, the highest peak being that of TOdiberg or DOcliberg in the s.w., which reaches a height of 11,880 feet. From the foot of this mountain, the Lind), the chief river, flows n.n.e., through the middle of the canton, and empties itself into the lake of Wallenstadt. The principal valleys, after that of the Linth, are the Sernftbal and the Klontlial, both formed by tributaries of the Linth. The climata is very severe, and only one-fifth of the land is arable. This canton; in which the rearing of cattle was formerly the main pursuit of the inhabitants, is now an important manufacturing dis trict. The principal manufactures are cotton, woolen, muslin, and silk goods, and paper and slates. Great part of the manufactures are exported to the cast, to n. Africa, America, and China. The green cheese called sehabziger, which is wholly made here, and other agricultural products, are exported. In none of the Swiss cantons does the population so slowly increase as in that of Glarus. The old homely manners, and many even of the customs of antiquity, still prevail among the people. In the earliest times, Glarus was reckoned sometimes as a part of Rhcetia, sometimes as a part of Swabia, and was peopled by German settlers. After various changes, it passed into the possession of the dukes of Austria, but ultimately secured its independence by the victories of Nttfels in 1352 and 1388, when it joined the Swiss confederation. The chief town is Glarus, with a large Gothic church which serves both for Catholics and Protestants and in which Zwingli was parson from 1506-16. Pop. '70, 5,516.