Irentens, Adv. Haer.; Tertullian, De Prcescript. Hard. and Contra Gn. Scorpiacum; Epiphanius, Adv. Hares.; Theodoret, Haret. Fabb.; Plotinas (Ennead. ii. 9); Mosheim, De Rebus Christ. ante Cond. comm.; MUnter, Tiers. fiber die Kirchl. Altera. d. Gn.; Lewald, De Doctrines Gnostica (Heidelb. 1818); Neander, Genet. Ento. d. Ghost. Syst. (Berl. 1818); Mohler, Urspr. d. Gn. (Tubingen, 1831); Matter, Mist. Crit. du G. (Par. 1843-44, 2d edit. 3 vols); Baur, Die Chr. G., etc. (Tubingen, 1835). See also Meander's and Gieseler's Histories of the Church; Dorner's Christology; Bunsen's Hippolytus and his Age, and Gratz, Gnosticismus and Juclenthum, besides many of the histories of phil osophy and of Christian dogma.
GNU, eatoblepas, a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, which naturalists generally rank with the antelope family (antilopida), but which some place in the ox family (bovidce), and of which the best-known species has been often described as apparently made up of parts of different animals, not only of the antelope and the ox or bblfalo, but even of the horse. This species (C. gnu or antilope gnu) is a native of south Africa; it has dis appeared from the more settled parts of Cape Colony, but is to be seen in herds on the arid plains beyond these boundaries in company with the zebra or the quagga, and with flocks of ostriches. The form and action of gnus so much resemble those of zebras and quaggas, that at a distance they may be readily mistaken for them. The size of the gnu is that of a large ass; the general color is yellowish tawny. Both sexes have horns.
The limbs are slender, like those of deer and antelopes. The gnu gallops with great speed. It has been usually represented as a very fierce animal, and certainly shows much ability to defend itself with its horns, when unable to escape from danger by flight; but when taken young, it is easily tamed, and readily associates with oxen, accompanying them to and from the field. There are two or three species, all south African, nearly resembling the common gnu, and one of them at least is very considerably larger. Their flesh is said to be palatable.
• G6A, a city of Hindustan, on the Malabar coast, in lat. 15 30' n. and long. 74° e., while the dependent territory of the same name stretches in n. lat. from 14° 54' to 15° 43', and in e. long. from 73' 45' to 74° 26', containing 1066 sq.m., and 420,000 inhabitants. G6a was once the capital of the Portupiese dominions in India, but is now in a state of hopeless decay. It was valuable chiefly on account of its harbor, one of the best on the w. coast of Hindustan, from which it was about 5 in. distant; but having the misfor tune to be ravaged by the cholera in the beginning of the 18th c., most of the Portuguese left it, and settled nearer the sea, at Panjim or New Goa, which' is the present seat of government, with a population of about 24,000. The inhabitants of the old city are almost entirely ecclesiastics, the place being the see of an archbishop, the primate of the Portuguese Indies. Goa was conquered by Albuquerque iu 1503, at which time it was inhabited by an Arabic people.