GOTTENBORG (Swed. Goteborg), next to Stockholm, the most important city of Sweden, in lat. sr 41' n., long. 11° 58' e., and the principal town-of the lien of Gotten borg. The pop., in 1874. exclusive of its extensive environs. Gottenborg, which was founded by Gustavus Adolphus in 1618, is situated on the river GSta, a few miles from the Cattegat, and consists of a lower and upper town; the former intersected by numerous canals, which arc bordered by allees of fine trees, and spanned by numer ous bridges; and the latter picturesquely scattered over the adjacent rocky heights. Its admirable harbor, which is protected by three forts, affords safe anchorage to ships of heavy burden, and has long been noted for its extensive foreign commerce. The upper parts of the town have wide and regular streets and good stone houses; but there are few buildings deserving a special notice excepting the new church, the exchange, the cathedral, the town-hall, and arsenal. Gottenborg is the see of a bishop, and the seat of the government of the district. It has good schools. one of them founded by Oscar I. for the children of soldiers; a public library; an academy of science and literature, which was incorporated in 1775; etc. The Gota canal. which connects the German
ocean and the Baltic, brings Gottenborg into direct communication with Stockholm and a great portion of the interior of the kingdom, which its supplies with the products of foreign commerce and its own home-industry. The latter is considerable impor tance, and includes, besides ship-building, extensive. manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, sail-cloths, tobacco, snuff, glass, paper, sugar, and porter. In 1872, 8,961 vessels, of 1,147,032 tons, entered and cleared the port. The exports are iron, copper, deals, tar and pitch, alum, fish, etc.; and the imports, salt, cereals, wine, and articles of colonial trade. The great feature of the Gottenborg licensing system, which hits acquired some notoriety in this country, is the elimination of private profit iu the sale of spirits, A A • by having the public-houses conducted by managers paid by salary, while the profits are paid into the town treasury.