GOT'TINGEN, a t. in the former kingdom of Hanover, in lat. 51° 31' nl, long. 56' e., and of the pleasantest in lower Germany, is situated in a fruitful valley on both banks of. an artificial arm of the Leine, called the New Leine, about 60 m, s. of Hanover. It is in general well built, but is almost destitute of fine edifices, and has an air of solitude, which even the number of students cannot dissipate. The Rathhates, an old castellated and picturesque edifice; the educational institutions, of which there are many; the hospital, and the university, are the only buildings of any note. The uni versity was instituted by George II., king of England and elector of in 1734, and opened Sept. 17, 1737. Cpzincet(M with it are the library, containing over 500,000 vols. and 5,000 manuscripts; the royal society, founded 1750, which publishes the well-known transactions and the Gottinger Gclehrte Anzezgen; the observatory; the art museum, with collections of old oil-paintings of engravings, of coins and models of all sorts, and some casts from the antique; the fying-in hospital, the chemical labora tory, and the botanic gardens (laid out under Haller's superintendence in 1739), one of the chief ornaments of the town. From 1822-26, the number of students attending the
university of Gottingen averaged 1481 annually; but in consequence of the troubles of 1831, the number in 1834 lead falleti to 860. The university could, however, still boast a rare assemblage of distinguished teachers, such as Blumenbach, Dahlmann, Ewald, Gauss, Gervinus, Gieseler, _Ehrhart, Lucke, Otfr, Muller, the brothers Grimm, etc.; but the expulsion in 1837 of the " seven professors," Albrecht, Dahlmann, Ewald, Gervinus, the two Grimms, and W. Weber, for political reasons, inflicted a blow upon the uni versity from which it has never fully recovered. It has upwards of 100 professors of various grades, many of whom are men celebrated throughout Europe. The number of students in 1877 was 991. The chief manufactures of the town are hosiery, leather, and musical and scientific instruments; but the only flourishing trade of Gottingen consists in the sale of tobacco and tobacco-pipes, books, and sausages. Pop. '75,17,057.