FRIES, JAKOB, FRIEDRICH, the founder of a philosophic school in Germany, was b. at Barby, in Prussian Saxony, 23d Aug., 1773, studied at Leipsic and Jena, and in 1805 went to Heidelberg, as professor of philosophy arid mathematics. In 1816, he accepted a call to the chair of speculative philosophy at Jena, but was deprived of his professor ship, on account of his'participation in 'certain democratic disturbances of 1819. In 1824, however, he was appointed to the chair of physics and mathematics, which he occupied till his death, 10th Aug., 1843. F.'s writings are very numerous. Some of the more important are his System der Philosophic als evidente Wissenschaft (Leip., 1804); New oder anthropologische Kritik der 'Vernunft (3 vols., ileidelh.,'1807; '2d ed., System der Logik (Heidelb., 1811; 3d ed., 1837): Handbuch der physischen Anthropologic (2 vols., Jena, 2d ed', Die Lehren der Liebe, des Glaubens, and der Hof nung (Heidelb., 1823); and Geschickte der Philosophic (2 vols., Halle, 1837-40). In his
philosophy, F. followed the method of Kant, but believing that method incomplete, he sought to supplement by an analytical nature-doctrine (analytischen naturlehre) of the human soul, which he designated philosphic anthropology. His Glaubenslehre, or doctrine of faith, by which he hoped to repair the ravages which the critical philosophy had made upon the certainty of our knowledge, resembles, in some respects, Jacobi's doc trine of the intuition of the pure reason. De Wette adopted it as the basis of his religious philosophy. Some of his disciples, Apelt, Schleiden, SchlOmilch, Friedrich Francke, and Schmidt, published at Leipsic in philosophic papers, entitled Abhandlungeh des- Frieschen Schule.