GAUDEN, JOHN, 1605-62; the reputed author of Elicon Basilike, was b. in Essex. of which parish his father was vicar. He was eddcated at Bury St. Edmund's. and afterwards at St. John's college, Cambridge. He obtained about 1630 the vicarage of Chippenharn, in Cambridgeshire, and the rectory of Biightwell in Berkshire. At the breaking out of the civil war, he was domestic chaplain to Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick, one of the parliamentary leaders, and, being selected to preach before the house of commons in 1640, was 'presented with a silver tankard in acknowledgment of his discourse. In 1641. he was appointed by the parliament to the deanery of hocking, in Essex. Ile became master of the Temple in 1659. as successor to Dr. Ralph Brown rigg, bishop of Exeter, and after the restoration in Nov., 1660, he was appointed to the same diocese. Between 1642, the date of his first published work, and 1660, lie pub lished some thirteen or more books, of which number, however, only one appeared prior to the execution of the king. Soon after his appointment to the sec of Exeter, he privately laid claim to the authorship of the Baron Bmilike, a .work commonly attrib uted at that time to Charles I. Tilts claim Garden put forth in a correspondence with the lord chancellor Hyde, earl of Clarendon, and the earl of Bristol, from Dec. 21, 1660, to Mar. 31, 1662. The whole question of the claims of Charles I. and Dr.
Gauden was discussed at great length, and with considerable ability and ingenuity, from 1824 to 1829 by Dr. Christopher Wordsworth, master of Trinity college, Cam bridge, .on behalf of the king, and the Rev. H. J. Todd on the side of Dr. Gauden. Fresh evidence, however, has lately turned up in the shape of letters and papers of Charles II. and his ministers, written soon after the execution of the king, which go far to invalidate if not entirely destroy the claim of Dr. Gauden, and to prove that those persons to whom he most confidently appealed in support of his pretensions were the strongest upholders of the king's authorship at tho, time immediately subsequent to the appearance of the work. Within the last six months (Oct., 1880), Mr. Scott of the British museum has published a book containing the latest documents and anthori ties upon the subject of the Bann Basilike, of which a limited number of copies only has been issued. In 1662, on the death of Brian Duppa, bishop of Winchester, Dr. Caudell applied to be translated from Exeter to that see, but his claims were set aside in favor of George Morley, bishop of Worcester, and the vacancy thus created was filled by the bishop of Exeter. He lived only four months after this last promotion. [In part from Eneye. Brit., 9th ed.]