GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANcOIS, 1839-73; usually called Francis Gamier; a French officer and explorer, perished by assassination in Tong-king. He entered the navy, and after voyaging in Brazilian waters and the Pacific, be obtained a post on the staff of admiral Chortler, who from 1860 to 1862 'was campaigning in Cochin-China. After some time spent in France, he returned to the East, and in 1852 he was appointed inspector of the natives iu Coellin-China, and intrusted with the administration of the town of Cho-len or Sho-len. It was at Garnier's suggestion that the marquis de Chas seloup-Lanbat determined to send a mission through Laos to Thibet, but as he was not considered old enough to be put in command, the chief authority was intrusted to rapt. Doudart de Lagree. In the course of the expedition from Cretin in Cambodia to Shanghai, 5,892 m. were traversed; and of these, 8,625 in., chiefly of country unknown to European geography, surveyed with care, and the positions fixed by astronomi cal observations, nearly all taken by Gamier himself. Volunteering to lead a detach
ment to Talifu, the capital of sultan Suleiman, the sovereign of Mohammedan rebels in Yunnan, he successfully carriedout the perilous enterprise. When shortly afterwards Lagree died, Gamier naturally assumed command of the expedition, and he conducted it in safety to Yang-tse-Kiang, and thus to the Chinese coast. On his return to Franc'e he was received with enthusiasm. His experiences during the siege of Paris were pub lished anonymously in the feuilleton of Le Temps, and appeared separately as Le Siege de Paris Journal d'un Officier de Marine, 1871. Returning to Cochin-China, he found the political circumstances of the country unfavorable to further exploration, and accordingly he went to China, and in 1873 followed the upper course of the Yang-tse Kiang to the waterfalls: He was next commissioned by admiral Dupre, governor of Cochin-China, to found a French protectorate or a new colony. On Nov. 20. 1873, he took Hanoi, the capital of Tong-king, and on Dec. 7 lie was slain.