GALLUP'PI, or GALUPPI, PASQUALE, 1770-1846; an Italian philosopher, educated in the university of Naples. He entered the government service, and was fpr many years employed in the office of the administration of finances. Though apart from academic influences, he pursued his favorite studies; and it was not till lie had reached the age of 60, and had become widely known by his philosophical writings, that lie was called to a chair in the university of Naples, which lie held till his death. Galluppi's first work was an essay on analysis and synthesis. This was followed by the important Saggio Filosofico Sulla Critica della Conoseenza, in 6 vols. In the Lettere Filosofiche. etc., by which, through Piesse's translation into French, he is best known to foreigners, G. traces his own philosophical development from the empiricism of the 18th C. writers, through the raittihn etiticistn, to speculatiVe views, hi many respects reeni Ming the doctrines of the Scotch school as amended by Hamilton. His systematic work, fillementi di Filosofia, was long used as a text-booli for instruction in the Italian colleges. G., though in many respects Kantian. can hardly be said to have fully taken
up the speculative significance of the &algae of Pare Reason. He accepts the Kantian demonstrations of the necessary unity of consciousness as the indispensable factor iu knowledge, regards our knowledge of the ego as knowledge of substance, maintains that in external perception, or, as he puts it, in sensation, we are directly cognizant of the real thing, and holds that the existence of the unconditioned is given in knowledge as the necessary correlate of the conditioned, but rejects entirely the a priori element which is the distinguishing characteristic of the Kantian doctrine of cognition. All judgments, according to him, are ultimately identical. On the other hand, G. exagge rates the place and importance of the moral reason; with Kant, he finds objective truth in the ideas of desert and duty, and admits that ethical judgments are a priori, without endeavoring to explain, in accordance with theoretical views, how such judgments are at all possible.