GHIIIIITRDJI"NA, or KOlfrLDSI'NA, a t. of European Turkey, in the eyelet of Rumili, is situated on the right bank of the Karadji, about 80 m. s.w. of Adrianople. It has extensive bazaars and a small citadel, and is supposed to contain about 8,000 inhabitants.
Mita, or GIIORE, a mountainous district of western Afghanistan, lying s.e. from Herat. It was conquered by the famous SUnni hero, Mahmfld. of Ghizni (q.v.), and about three centuries afterwards was overrun by Genghis Khan, who almost completely exterminated the ancient inhabitants. It is celebrated in history as having been the original possession of the princes who established the second Mohammedan dynasty in Hindustan. It is inhabited at the present day by the independent nomad Tartar tribes of the Hazareh and Eimak, principally the latter.
GHtTRI, or SULTANS OF GEfeR, were a race of princes who had the seat of their empire in the country of Ghat. (q.v.),.and ruled over Persia, northern Hindfistan, and Transoxiana. The first of this family mentioned in history is Sufi, who opposed an obstinate but unavailing resistance to sultan Mahmtad of Ghizni. One of his descend ants named HUsseyne was subsequently appointed governor of Ghtlr, in which office he was succeeded by his sons. But Behram Shah having put to death one of the brothers, the others threw off their allegiance to tho race of Sebekteghin, and hostilities ensued (see GRIZNEVIDES), in which the eldest brother, Seyf-ud-deen, was killed, and his brother Allah-ud-deen, surnamed Jehaun-sbuz (the conflagrator), succeeded to the sovereignty. After subduing the sultan of Ghizni, Allah-ud-deen invaded Khorassan, but was defeated and taken prisoner by sultan Sunjur the Seljuk, He was succeeded by his sou Mahommed in 1160, who was assassinated at the end of the first year of his reign.
Gheiatheddin Mahommed ascended the throne in 1161, and after a long and bloody contest with the Khaurezmians, succeeded in obtaining possession of Khorassan. During his reign the affairs of Ghizni were committed in charge to his brother, Shahab-ud-deen Mahommed, who, having subdued the Ghiznevide provinces w. of the Indus, crossed that river and conquered successively the provinces of Mahan (1176), Lahore (1186), and Ajmere (1190), defeating the rajah of Ajmere's army, numbering 300;000 horse and 3,000 elephants, and in the course of the next six years conquering Hindustan as far s. as Nagpfir, and westward to the Irrawady. It is from this epoch that the preponderance of Islam in Hindfistan is dated. Shahab-ud-deen succeeded to the throne in 1203, on the death of his brother (see GutzNEvfnEs). The house. of Ghtlr had now reached its acme of power, their territory extending from the Caspian sea to the bay of Bengal, and from the Jihon to the Indian ocean. Shahab-ud-deen, having invaded Khaurezm in 1204, was attacked by the sultan of that country, and completely routed. In the follow ing year, he undertook an expedition into Kojud, on the s. border of Cashmere, in order to reduce that rebellious province, in which undertaking he obtained complete success, but on his return was assassinated by one of the Fedayan, or followers of Hussun Sabah, in 1206. His nephew, 3Iahmfid, succeeded; but after a short reign of four years was assassinated. After his death, some members of the family made feeble efforts to revive the grandeur of their ancestors, but as the sultans of Khaurezm had by this time subjugated the whole Persian empire, their attempts were fruitless.