HEEREN, AIINOLDHISRMANNLUDIVICIs an eminent German scholar, was b. Oct. 25, 1760, at Arbergen, near Bremen, where his father was at that time pastor, and received his education at the cathedral school of Bremen, and at the university of GOttingen. He first made himself known to the literary world by two philological works—viz., an edition of Menauder's De Encomiis (Gottingen, 1785), and the Ecloger Physicce et Etlikee of Stobaeus (4 vols. Gottingen, 1792-1801). In preparing materials for the latter of these works, he visited Italy, the Netherlands, and France, and by intercourse with various learned men of these countries, expanded and enriched his mind. In 1794 he was appointed professor of philosophy, and in 1801, professor of history at GOttingen. He married in 1797 a daughter of Heyne, and died Mar. 7. 1842. His lectures in the university referred, from the very first, more to Greek and Roman antiquities, and to the history of the fine arts, than to philology, strictly so called. The latter, indeed, was finally quite thrown into the background. In 1793-96 appeared at Gottingen his •leen fiber Politilc, den Yerkehr find den Handel der rornehmsten Volker der alien Well (40 edit.
5 vols. 1824-26). This -work has secured him a place among the most eminent modern historians. If his Geschichte des Studiums der classielien Literatur sett deco Wiederaufle ben der Wissenseltaften (2 vols. Gi5tt. 1797-1802) proved less satisfactory to scholars, his Gesehichte der Staaten des Alterthums (Gott. 1799; 5th edit. 1826), and his Gesehkhte des Europ. Staatensystems and seiner Colonien (Gott. 1809; 4th edit. 1822) abounded in new views and acute expositions. For his Untersuchungen fiber (lie Ercuzzage, he received the prize from the National institute of France. , His Eleine historisehe Sehriften (3 vols. Gott. 1803-08) contain some very interesting treatises. In 1821-26 be published an edition of all his historical works (Historischen Werke) in 15 vols. Heeren was a member of the academics of St. Petersburg, Berlin, Munich, Stockholm, Dublin, and Copenha gen, and of the Asiatic societies of London and Calcutta.