HINCKS, Sir FRANCIS, b. Ireland, 1807; was engaged in early life in mercantile business in Canada, and subsequently in journalism, being proprietor of the Toronto Examiner. He was successively finance minister of the colony, and in 1851 prime minister. In 1855 he was made governor of the Windward islands, and governor of. British Guiana in 1862. In 1860 he was knighted, and was again chosen finance minis ter of Canada.
HINClIAR, a celebrated churchman of the 9th c., was b. in 806. The exact place of his birth is unknown, but from his being of the family of the counts of Toulouse._ it is presumed to have been in that province. He was educated in ,the monastery of St. Denis, and, with the sanction of the council of Paris (829), he was intrusted with the framing and carrying out a plan for the reformation of the monastery. Some time afterwards, he was named abbot of the abbeys of Compiegne and St. Germain; and in 84:5 was elected archbishop of Rheims. The most important event, considered his torically, in the career of Hincmar, is his controversy with pope Nicholas I. the year 862 (see NICHOLAS I.). Rothadins, bishop of Soissons and suffragan of Bittern:1r, deposed a priest of his diocese,. who appealed to Ilinemar as metropolitan, and was ordered by him to be restored to office. RothadinS this order, and having been, in consequence, condemned and excommunicated by the-arehhishop, appealed to the pope, who at once ordered Ilincmar to restore Rothadius, or to appear at Rome in person or by his representative, to vindicate the sentence. Hinemar sent a legate to Nome, but refused to restore the deposed bishop; whereupon Nicholas annulled the sentence, and required that the cause should again he heard in Rome. Ilinemar, after
sonie, demur, was forced to acquiesce. The cause of Rothadius was re-examined, and he was acquitted, and restored to his see.
The conduct of Macular is also historically interesting in relation to the power of the inedizeval papacy- (see PoPEs). Under the successor of Nicholas, Adrian IL a qaestion arose as to the succession to the sovereignty of Lorraine on the death of king Lothaire, the pope favoring the pretensions of the emperor Lewis in opposition to these of Charles the bold of France. To the mandate which Adriim addressed to the subjects of Charles and to the nobles of Lorraine, accompanied,by a menace of the cen sures of tile church, Hincmar offered a firm and persistent opposition. He was equally firm in resisting the undue extension of the royal prerogative in ecclesiastical affairs. When the emperor Lewis HI., in opposition to the solemn judgment of the council of Vienne, sought to obtrude an unworthy favorite, Odacer, upon the see of Beauvais, Hinemar boldly remonstrated, and fearlessly denounced the unjustifiable usurpation. llinemar died in the year 8S2. His works were collected in two vols. folio by Pero Sirmond, S. J. (Paris, 1615). Several other pieces of his are found in the 8th vol. of Labbe's Collection of Councils, and in the 5th vol. of that of Hardouin; as also in Nre Cellot's Conell. Duziac. (Paris, 1658). Many others of his works, sill in MS., are enumerated in Wetzer's Kirehen-Lexicon, v. 308.