HIOUEN-THSANG, a celebrated Chinese traveler, professing the Buddhist creed, who visited 110 countries and places of India in the first half of the 7th e. (629-64), and gave a very detailed and interesting account of the condition of Buddhism as it pre vailed at that period in India. His inquiries having been chiefly devoted to the object` of his veneration, he did not enter so much into details concerning the social and political condition of India as might be desired; but the many curious notices lie ,gives on other matters which, besides those of Buddhist interest, came under his observation, and the high degree of trustworthiness which his narrative possesses, his memoirs must be looked upon as one of the most important works on the his tory of India in general, and of Buddhism in particular, during the period stated. Appar ently, he traveled alone, or with a few occasional companions; and wearing the gallh of a religions mendicant, with nothing but it staff, wallet. and water-pot. he does not seem to have been exposed to any litRIsArQoti Olt his journey from China to India. It is mote remarkable, howevcr, that he Mewled no 'impediment on his way home, when he traveled with 500 packages of books. besides images of Buddha and various sacred relics; and his immunity from clanger affords a remarkable proof of the civilized condition of the countries which he described. It does not appear that the account of his travels was written by himself, for of the two works relating to them neither is the performance of Hionen-Thsang. The first is a bibliographical notice of him, in which his travels form a principal feature; it was composed by two of his pupils, Hoel-li and Yen-Thsong. The latter bears the title of Ta- thang-si-yu-ki, or " Memoirs of the Countries the West, published under the Thang," and was edited by Pien-ki, since Hioueu-Thsang himself, who during 17 ,years had s'12olcen none but foreign languages, had perhaps lost the facility of writing elegant Chinese. According to a remark added to the title of his work in the imperial Chinese edition, it would fol low that it had been translated from Sanscrit into Chinese; but this statement, as prof. Stanislas Julien observes, can wily mean that the fundamental part of the work relat ing to history, legends, etc., was taken from Hindu sources, since it is obvious that the
indication of distances and numerous personal observations must have come from IIiouen-Thsang himself. Both works have been published in a French translation by the distinguished Chinese scholar, M. &anislas Julien, who has acquitted himself c f the great and peculiar difficulties of his task in so creditable a manner that his Ilisteir.; de la Vie de Hiotten-Thsang (Paris, 1853) and his .3M7noires suer les Contrbut Occidenfit par Iliouen-Thsang (2 vols., Paris, 1857-1858) have not only become indispensable to the student of Chinese and Sanserit literature, but will be a lasting honor to M. Julien's industry and scholarship. 'An abstract of both works, by the late prof. II. II. Wilson, appeared in the 17th volume of the journal of the royal Asiatic society, pp. 106-137.
HIP, or Hap, the fruit of the rose. It is almost always red, and consists of the enlarged fleshy tube of the calyx filled with hard seed-like rue/taw/a, which are SIIII*011/7dcd with bristly hairs (seta). The fleshy covering contains mucilage, sugar, gum. 'Indic and citric acids, tannin, resin, and a number of salts. The slum excite itching in the skin, The fleshy-part of hips, beaten to a pulp, and preserved with sugar, finds as place in the pharmacopoeia, under the name of conserve of hips (eonserra rune fructes, confictio caste canine', etc.). It is slightly refrigerant and astringent, and is often used as a vehicle or basis for other medicines. flips eaten -entire are a popular remedy for ascarides, on which their action is purely mechanical, and is owing to the irritating seam. The hips of different species 'of rose are almost indiscriminately used. In some parts of Europe hips are preserved in sugar as an article of food, or are dried and Used in soups and stews, the achvenia and soft being removed. For this purpose, the large soft hips of the apple rose (rose pontifera) are preferred.
HIP, in architecture, the rafter at the angle where two sloping roofs meet. A roof is called a hipped roof when the end is sloped upwards so as to form a hip on each. side.