HUFELAND, CnriusTorirnn WILLIAM, one of the most distinguished physicians of modern times, was b. on Aug. 12, 1762, at Langensalza, in Thuringia. After having completed a general and medical education at the best schools hi Germany, he was appointed physician in ordinary at the court of Weimar, where his father and his grand father had previously filled the saute office. Retaining this honorary title, he removed in 1793 to .Jena, to be ordinary professor of medicine there; and after refusing a number of invitations to other places, he went from Jena to Berlin in 1798 with it number of very honorable professional appointments. On the foundation of the university of Berlin in 1809, he became one of its professors. He died Aug. 25, 1836. He had a very high reputation for skill and tenderness as a physician, and he was eqoalli esteemed for his intellectual abilities and his noble and benevolent character. A number of benevolent societies and institutions owed their existence to him, and many others found iu hint a zealous and liberal supporter. His published works are numerous, chiefly on medical and physiological subjects. His 411akrobiotik, or the Art of Prolonging Life, originally published in 1796, was translated into almost all the languages of Europe. Translations exist in Servian, Hungarian, and Hebrew. Amongst his most important works are one on scrofula, Heber die Ursachen, Erkenntniss, and Heilung der SkrofelkranIcheit (Berlin, 1795), which has gone through several editions and been translated into several languages; an advice to mothers on the Physical Treatment of Children, published in 1799; and his Enchiridion Medieum, or Introduction to the Practice of Medicine, published in 1836.
HUG, Jottx LEONHARD, was b. at Constance, June 1, 1765, studied at Freiburg, and in 1789 entered into priest's orders. In 1791 he was appointed professor of oriental languages and of the Old Testament, to which was added, iu 1792, the professorship. of the New Testament also. These united professorships Hug continued to ho:d uninter ruptedly for upwards of half a century, with the exception of some brief occasional visits to the great libraries of Munich, Vienna, Paris, Milan, Rome, and Naples. The most important fruit of his biblical researches was his introduction to the _Yew Testament, which appeared in 1808, in 2 vols., and which, besides several German editions, has been translated into most of the European languages. His great eminence as a biblical scholar led to his being called on to take part in the arrangement of the newly organized studies of most of the German universities—as at Breslau, in 1811; at Bonn, in 1816; at Tabingen, in 1817; and again at Bonn, 1818 and 1831. He died Mar. 11. 1840. His works. which are indifferently in Latin and German. are chiefly in the department of biblical criticism: as. On the Age of the Vatican MS. (1810); On the Canticle of Canticles (1813, and again 1818); On the Indissolubility (1 Marriage (1816); On the Alexandrian Version (1818); Pe-examination of Strauss's Life of Jesus, 2 vols. (1S35); but there are also some on subjects of classical criticism, especially an interesting work on the ancient mythologies (1812). See 3laier's Geduchtnissrede auf Hug (1847).