INDIANA, one of the United States of America, organized in 1816, with a governor and legislature, extends from 37° 47' to 41° 46' n. lat., and from 84° 49' to 88° 2' w. long., having a length of 275 m., a breadth of 135 m., and an area of 33,809 sq.m., or 21,637, 7G0 acres. It is bounded on the n. by Michigan state and lake, e. by Ohio, s. by Ken tucky, from which it is separated by the Ohio river, and w. by Illinois. The state is divided into 92 counties. The capital is Indianapolis, near the center, and its chief towns are Evansville, New Albany, Madison, Richmond, Terre Ilaute, Lafayette, Fort Wayne, and its only lake port, Michigan City. The population in 1800 was 4,875; in 1810, 24,520; in 1820, 147,178; in 1830, 343,031; in 1840, 685,866; in 1S50, 988,416; in 1860, 1,350,041 (of which nearly half were immigrants from other states, and from Ger many and Ireland); and in 1870, 1,680,637. The state is level, with sluggish streams and great prairies. It is chiefly drained by the Wabash river and its branches. There
are 7,700 sq.m. of coal, portions of which, on the Ohio, are cannel coal of excellent quality. The soil is of wonderful fertility, and the climate is like that of the s. of France, with colder winters, and the hills on the Ohio are covered with fine vineyards. The staple productions are wheat, maize, cattle, swine, tobacco, fruits, wine, etc. In 1869 mines of coal and iron were found, and also quarries of building-stone. There are over 4,000 in. of railway, and 374 m. of a canal uniting the Ohio river with lake Erie. There is a state university, a normal school, numerous common schools and churches, and about 300 periodicals. Vincennes, on the Wabash, was settled by the French in 1702. Early in this century the settlements were disturbed by Indian hos tilities; the Indians were defeated in 1811 by gen. Harrison, and the territory was rapidly peopled.