INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. This term is used very variously, sometimes being synony mous with ragged schools, in which mechanical arts are taught; sometimes designating ordinary elementary schools, in which agricultural or some other industrial art is taught to the boys during one portion of the school-day, or in which sewing, cooking, washing, and ironing are taught to the girls. In England, Scotland, and Ireland, attempts have been made to attach practical instruction in agriculture to elementary schools for boys, but with very small success, except in the last-named country; there the Glasnevin agricultural training school has accomplished much good. See AGRICULTURAL EDU cATIoN. Nor can it be said that the attempt to attach other industrial arts to national and parochial schools has been attended with better results. The privy council on education gave special grants for many years to schools which combined industrial with literary instruction, but these grants are not continued in the revised code. In ele mentary schools for girls, industrial work, to the extent of sewing, shaping, knitting, and netting, has been almost universally introduced, and forms one of the most impor tant and interesting features of female primary education in Great Britain; but the attempt to connect with these subjects instruction in cooking, washing, and has been tried as yet only to a limited extent, and has been only partially successful. In ragged schools, on the other hand, -no department of the school-work seems to thrive better, partly because it enters so largely into the scheme of instruction, partly because the chil dren are removed from the control of parents, and left solely to the management of the school committee; for the great obstacle in the way of connecting industrial arts with ordinary schools is the unwillingness of parents to see their children engaged in man ual occupations during the time which ought, in their opinion, to be devoted solely to intellectual training and the acquisition of literary knowledge. 'flue ragged schools to
which we have just referred are recognized by the legislature as "industrial schools," to the maintenance of which the treasury may contribute on the representation of the home secretary, and may be defined as schools in which the pupils are lodged, fed, and clothed, as well as taught the elements of an ordinary education, and the practice of some trade. By a statute passed in 1866 children under 14 found begging, etc.; children under 12 charged with offenses; refractory children under 14 in charge of parent ; and refractory children under 14 in workhouses or pauper schools, may be sent by a magis trate to a certified industrial school. The education acts of 1870 and 1872, for England and Scotland respectively, provide that the school-board of any parish or borough may establish and maintain industrial schools, but subject to the provisions of the industrial schools act of 1866. In 1875 the number of industrial schools in England mid Scot land was 114, containing 11,776 children; in 1877 there were 124 schools, with 14,359 children.