HAYNAU, JULIUS JAKOB, Baron von, an Austrian gen., was b. in 1786, entered the Austrian service in 1801, and gradually advanced in rank, till in 1844 he was appointed field-marshal. During the Italian campaigns of 1848-49; he signalized himself by his ruthless rigor, especially at the capture oeBrescia. Haynau was engaged in the siege of Venice, when he was summoned by the emperor to Hungary, in May, 1849, to take the supreme conunand of the forces in that country. The storming of Raab, the advance southward, the occupation of Szegedin, and the engagements on the Theiss, were all the work of Haynau. But his atrocious severity towards the defeated Hungarians, and especially his alleged flogging of women (a charge denied by Haynau), excited the hatred and detestation of Europe. In 1850 he was dismissed from public service, not for his cruelty, however, but for the intractability of his disposition. In the same year
he was brought into unenviable notoriety on the occasion of his visit to the brewery of Messrs. Barclay and Perkins during his stay in London, when he was assaulted by the drayineu, and barely escaped with life. For this insult the British government declined giving any satisfaction. On subsequently visiting Belgium and France, he was received by the populace with strong dislike; hut by the vigilance of the authorities was pre served from actual insult. Baron Schfinhals, in a biography of his friend Haynau (Gratz, 1853), tries to exonerate him from the accusation of being either constitutionally or intentionally cruel, and asserts that he only acted in obedience to the orders of his masters. Haynau died at Vienna, Mar. 14, 1853.