GUTZLAFF, KARL, a missionary, was b. at Pyritz, in Pomerania, July 8, 1803. At an early age lie was apprenticed to a belt-maker in Stettin. Here he composed a poem, in which he expressed his earnest wish to become a missionary to the heathen, and in 1821 presented it to the king of Prussia. The king caused him to be placed in the missionary institution at Berlin. At the expiration of two years, he was removed to the Dutch missionary society at Rotterdam, and in Aug., 1826, was sent to Sumatra, Being detained at Java, he fixed his residence at Batavia, where lie devoted himself to the study of Chinese. At the end of two years, having acquired a considerableknowl edge of the language, and familiarized himself with the habits of the Chinese residents inHatavia, lie determined to give up his connection with the Dutch society, and devote himself to the conversion of the Chinese. He joined Tomlin, the English missionary, and, in the summer of 1828, accompanied him to Siam. They settled at Bankok, the capital. partly for the purpose of preaching the gospel, partly to render .themselves thoroughly acquainted with the Siamese language, and to perfect themselves in Chinese. For the sake of his health, he now, by the advice of a Chinese friend, undertook a voyage to China; and from this time, Macao became his principal station, aril here lie formed an intimate friendship with Robert Morrison, In conjunction with 111edimrst and two other friends, Gutzlaff began a new translation of the Bible into Chinese. With the assistance of Morrison, he founded a society for the diffusion of useful knowl edge in China, published a Chinese monthly magazine, and preached at Macao and else where. Compare his Journal of Three Voyages Along the Coast of Chino, in 1831, 1832,
and 1833, with NOltee of Siam, Corea, and the Loo-choo Islands. After the death of the elder Morrison, Gutzlaff was appointed chief interpreter to the British supervisionad government in China, with a salary of i'800. In this capacity lie attempted, in May, 1835, to penetrate into the interior of the province of Fo-kien, lint without success. At the same lime, the printing of Christian books in the Chinese language, and even the distribution of Christian writings among the inhabitants of Canton, were prohibited. Thus restricted in his missionary career, Gutzlaff joined the British during the war with the Chinese, and „liis with the Chinese rendered his services of great value. He likewise oontributed to bring about the peace in 1842. Finally, in 1844, he founded a Chinese society for the purpose of diffusing the gospel, by means of native Christians, in the interior of the country. To promote the objects of the mission, he, in 1849, returned to Europe, and visited England, Germany, and other countries. He returned to China, landing at Hongkong in Jan., 1851, but died there, Aug. 9, of the same year. Gutzlaff published various works, in different lawmages, some of winch are extremely valuable; the principal are Geschiehte des Chines; Reiehs (Stuttg. 1847), and The Life of Tookuang (Load. 1851).