HADDINGTONSHIBE, or EAST LOTMAN, a maritime co. in Scotland, lying between n. lat. 55°4' and 56° 5', and w. long. 2° 25' and 3°2', is bounded on the n. and e. by the Firth of Forth and the German ocean, s. and s.e. by Berwickshire, and on the w. by Midlothian. The extreme length is about 25 m., and breadth about 17; area, 179,142 acres, or 280 sq miles. In the s. of the county are the Lam mermuir hills, rising to the height of 1732 feet. In the n. and n.e. is a strip of level ground of unequal Creadth, composed of clay and loam, and mostly very productive for all kinds of crops. The climate is excellent on the lower grounds, and the rainfall much under the average. There are few streams of any considerable size, the principal being the Tyne, which flows n.e. across the county into the sea at Tyningliam. East Lothian has long enjoyed high agricultural fame. John Cockburn of Orimston, who is regarded as the father of improved Scottish husbandry, and who was born in this county in the end of the 17th c., was the first to test its capabilities. This enterprising man gave long leases, and encouraged his tenantry to lay out their farms in regular inclosed fields. He introduced the culture of turnips, rape, and clover; and turnips in drills were sown on one of his farms as early as 1725, and brought to such perfection in ten years thereafter, that a ''specimen of a turnip, weighing 35 pounds, was sent for public exhibition to Edinburgh. Potatoes were also first planted in the fields in 1734 at OrnUston. Pennant says that hedges round fields were first planted in this county, and here the thrashing-machine was first introduced, in 1786, by a native, Andrew Meikle. In Sept., 1862, the first steam-plow possessed by a tenant-farmer in Scotland was introduced into this county.by Mr. Sadler,
Ferrygate. The well-known varieties of wheat, Hunter's, Hopetoun, Fentou, and Shireff's bearded, all originated in Haddingtonshire.
According to the agricultural statistics taken in 1876, the total number of acres under rotation of crops was 113,615. There were 8,879 acres under wheat; 17,202 under barley; 16,293 under oats; 1,342 under beans; 9,345 under potatoes; 15,899 under turnips; and 26,451 under clover, sanfoin, and grasses under rotation. The number of draught and other horses was 3,727; 'cattle, 7,072; sheep, 108,447; swine, 2,790. On comparison with the other Scotch counties, it will be found that there are only two with a greater acreage of wheat and potatoes, 4 with more barley, and 12 with more turnips; while in yield per acre Haddingtonshire occupies a very high position, partic ularly in its crops of oats. The land rental, exclusive of railways, in 1876-7 was £304,312; railways, £26,237. Old valuation (1674), £14,072. Coal• and limestone are abundant. The former was wrouebt in the 13th c., the earliest recorded in Scotland. Haddingtonshire returns one member to the house of commons; its parliamentary con stituency in 1876-77 was 939. Pop. '71, 37,771.
Historical interest is confined almost entirely to the battle-field of Dunbar, where Cromwell defeated the covenanting army in 1650; and Prestonpans, where the pre tender defeated the royal troops in 1745. Among the antiquities may be named the ruins of the castles of Tantallon. Dirleton, LulTness, Hades, and lnnerwick. The principal towns are Haddington, Dunbar, and North Berwick.