D, D, D, D, I), which has a loop formed fbr the purpose. This needle passes freely through an opening in the frame at 7, and i.,.. C: A 1A11110f1 A another rod _ g, on the spring-box F, that it moves freely without fear of displacement, and if pushed back into the spring-box, is made to press upon one of the spiral springs, E, which restores it to its place as soon as it is freed from pressure. In the diagram, this pressure is supposed to be exerted upon three of the lifting wires, C, 0, 0; consequently, if the lifting bar A is simultaneously raised, those three wires are missed, whilst the other two, B, B, being in position, catch the projections le, 1c, on the bar, are drawn up with it, and thus raise the threads of the warp to which they are attached.
Now, the regulation of this pressure upon the horizontal needles is effected by a revolving square roller, which has each of its four sides perforated with rows of holes, which, like the needles and lifting wires, correspond in number to the threads of the warp. This roller, when in its place, receives into one row of perforations the whole row of needles where they project through the frame at 11, and it has a motion given by the machinery which brings each row on its four surfaces in regular order into the same position, and if no impediment is offered, all the needles are undisturbed, and the upright wires lift the entire set of warp threads to which they are attached. But in order to produce the necessary variations of motion required by the pattern, a set of cards are made, each of the width of the square roller; these also are so perforated that when placed on the surface of the roller their perforations correspond exactly with those on the roller immediately beneath them; but the cards are perforated in exact accordance with the pattern, so that intervals occur in which there are no perforations to correspond with those on the roller; hence, when the roller L is brought up to the frame 11, some of the needles will find entrance into the holes of the roller through the corresponding per forations in the covering card, seen in section M; but others will be prevented entering by the absence of such perforations, and the card, by the resistance it offers, will force the needles thus opposed back upon the springs E, E, E. removing theteby the books of
the lifting wires from the action of the lifting bur. The cards are looped together at the corners, and move as an endless chain on the rollers, and the entire set of perforations on the whole of cards exactly represents the pattern to be produced; the same as the notes represent the air in a piece of music. Of course, the simple operations here described require mechanical arrangements df great nicety to regulate them, and these are so complicated that mere verbal descriptron would hardly help much to explain them; indeed, even with the loom and its apparatus, and its cumbrous arrangement of hundreds, and even thousands of cards, before us, the unpracticed eye finds great diffi. culty in comprehending its movements.
A very wonderful simplification of the Jacquard apparatus was shown in the inter national exhibition (1862), by Eugenio Yincenzi of Modena, by which a saving of bulk alone is effected to the extent of two-thirds, and the toil of the artisan is lessened greatly by the corresponding lightness of the parts of the machine which he has to move. The most remarkable part of this new invention is the extreme delicacy of the needle action, so that there is no shock when the card offers resistance; hence the inventor has been enabled to substitute paper for thick card-board, and can consequently perforate a dozen with the same case as one; hence the pattern may be repeated without extra labor. This beautiful little loom will certainly displace the ordinary Jacquard. if it is not itself superseded by the wonderful invention of the electric loom by Bonelli, for a description of which see Loom.