DIVISION B. PULMONARIA. Higher araeltnida, as scorpions and spiders. Respira tion performed by pulmonary sacs, sometimes aided by irachem; six or more eyes; abdomen usually distinct from cepludothorax; divided into two orders.
Order I. Pedipalpi (Lat. pes, a foot; and palpo, to feel). Seorpion (q.v,) and other animals intermediate between scorpions and true spiders. In this order the abdo men is distinctly segmented, but there is no well-marked division between it and the cephalothorax. Family 1. Seorpionicke; see SCORPION. Family 2. Thelyphonicke, resem ble true spiders externally, but are distinguished from them by having a segmented abdomen and no spinnerets, and from the seorpionidte by the extremity of the abdomen having no sting.
Order II. Araneida. Characterized by the fusion of the head and thorax into one mass, and by an unsegmented abdomen, which is nsnally soft and joined to the rest of the body by a constricted peduncle. See SPIDER. TARANTULA, and MYGALE.
Ca.:VS III. MYRIAPonA (q.v.). Divided into three orders.
Order I. Chilopoda (Gr. eheilos, lip; podes, feet; foot-lipped). Centipedes and their allies. See CENTIPEDE.
Order II. Chilognatha (Gr. chellos, lip; pathos, jaw). See MILLIPEDE.
Order III. Pauropoda. This order consists of one peculiar millipede, described by air John Lubbock under the name pau•orms. The body is only one-twentieth of an inch long, consisting of ten segments. Found among decaying leaves in damp placse, in England and America. Fossil myriapoda; the oldest fossil mvriapoda are in the carboniferous formation, where several species of millipedes have been found.
Order I V. Onychophora. In the West Indies, South Africa, South America, and New Zealand, there are peculiar animals of a genus called peripatus, which has been classed with leeches, tape-worms, and myriopoda. Their habits are terrestrial, living in decayed wood, under stones, and in moist earth. They have a cylindrical worm-like body. annulated and provided with many pairs of jointed feet, terminated with hooked eltws or bristles. The respiratory organs, as recently shown by Moseley, are in the form of tracheae, which open by numerous apertures.
kh,Ass IV. INSECTA. Those articulate animals (articulata or arthropoda)which have the head, thorax, and abdomen distinct; three pairs of legs on the thorax, none on the abdomen; a single pair of antenna; eyes generally compound; usually two pairs of wings on the thorax; respiration by trachem. See INSECTS and LARVA. According as
insects attain the adult state without passing through a partial or a complete metamor phosis, they may be arranged in three grand divisions: Ametaboia (without change), HemEnzetabo!a (half change), and Ilolometabola (whole change). It will answer the pur pose here to simply arrange them into twelve orders. every one of which will naturally fall under one of the above divisions. The ametabola have been called apterous in seat (q.v.).
Order L Anoplura (Gr. anoplos, unarmed; oura, tail). Apterous insects (q.v ) in which the young pass through no metamorphosis; mostly parasitic, on man and other animals (lice, pediculi). Mouth suctorial; body flattened; legs short, with claws; repro duction rapid. See Louse.
Order II. .illallophaqa (Gr. mallos, a fleece, and plmgo, I eat). Aptera, in which tire mouth is formed for biting, and furnished with mandibles and maxillal. They resem ble the pediculi, except as to mouth, not sucking the juices of their hosts, but living upon their integuments (bird lice).
Order HI Colem69!a. Minute aptera having a partial masticatory or auctorial mouth, and the first abdominal segment furnished with a suctorial tube, and next the last abdominal segment with peculiar leaping appendages. This order has been estab lish-d by sir John Lubbock for the reception of those insects called "spring-tails." Their scientific name, eollembola, is given because they attach themselves to foreign bodies by means of their ventral suctorial tube. See PODURA.
Order IV. Thysannra (Gr. thysanoi.• fringes; onto, tail). Aptera generally having a masticatory mouth, and the extremity of the abdomen furnished with long, bristle-like appendages for locomotion, not springing. See LEPIS3IA.
Order V. (q.v.). Plant lice, cochineal insect. See Arms, Hot! FLY, FROTH PUT, COCCUS, COCHINEAL, COFFEE BUG, CICADA, LANTERN FLY, PHYLLOXERA, HARVEST BUG, HARVEST FLY, and WATER BUG.
Order VI. Orth)ptera (q.v.). Grasshoppers. locusts, etc. See COCKROACH. enrcitor, MOLE CRICKET, MANTIS, GRYLLUS, EARWIG, PHASMID.E, WALKING STICK, Und LOCUSTS