JAMES V., King of Scotland (1513-42); was the son of Jafres IV. and Margaret of England. He was b. at Linlithgow, April 10,1512. The period of his long minority is one of the gloomiest in Scottish history. Such was the lawless stale of the country that it was impossible to pass from one place to another except in armed companies. The duke of Albany was chosen regent by the parliament, but his government was almost powerless, owing chiefly to the jealousy and •enmity of the earl of Angus, who had married the queen-mother, Ultimately Angus prevailed, and the duke retired to France. 'For a while the Angus branch of the Douglas fandly'rnled Scotland in the same manner as the elder branch had ruled it in the Leginuing of the reign of James II. IVIren in his seventeenth year, ihe king, resolved no longer to brook the authority of the earl, escaped from his custody. Angus and his family were banished and their estates declared forfeited. In 1536 James visited the ourt of France; and Jan. 1, 1537, he was married to Magdalen, daughter of Francis I. This amiable queen lived for but a few weeks; and in the same year James was again married. Ills second wife was Mary of Lorraine. daughter of the duke of Guise. Henry VIII. having declared his independence of the pope, became desirous that his nephew should follow his example; but James remained true to his ancestral faith. The king had two sons by 3Ia•y of Guise, but they both died iu infancy, within a few days of each other—an event which seems to have greatly affected the mind of James. With the view of gain ing his nephew over to his ecclesiastical views, Henry proposed that they should have an interview at York. He actually went to that city, and remained in it for six clays,
expecting the arrival of James. who never came. This piece of real or fancied neglect greatly enraged Henry. In 1542, the English having made an incursion across the bor der, were attacked and defeated with great loss by the earls of Handy and Home. To avenge this defeat Henry sent the duke of Norfolk into Scotland with an army of 20,000 men.
Negotiations for peace having failed, James raised an army of 30,000 men to oppose Norfolk. The spread of the reformation had now begun to divide the kingdom, the nobles being mostly on the reformed side, while the king sided the clergy. When the Scottish army had reached Fala, news arrived of Norfolk's retreat. The nobles, actuated either by disloyalty, or by thoughts of Flodden, declined to follow the king in an invasion of England, upon which he was bent. While this controversy was pend ing between James and the nobles, a report arose that Oliver Sinclair, a royal favorite, had been appointed to the chief command. The army became a scene of tumult r.nd disorder. While in this disorganized state it was attacked by Deere and Musgrave, two English leaders, at the head of 300 men. The Scotch were utterly routed. This dishonor to his arms seems quite to have broken the heart of James. He shut himself up in Falkland palace, where he died. Dee. 13, 1542, seven days after the birth of his unfortunate daughter Mary, in the 31st year of his age, and 30th of his reign.
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