LIEBIIARD, JOACHIM. See CAMERARIUS, ante.
JusTus vox, Baron, one of the greatest chemists of the 19th c., was b. at Darmstadt, May 12, 1803. Ile early showed a strong predilection for natural science, lie studied at Bonn and Erlangen, and afterwards in Paris, where he attracted the attention of Alexander von Humboldt by e paper on fulminie acid. This led to his appointment, in 1824, as extraordinary professor, and in 1826 as ordinary professor of chemistry at Giessen, where he labored with great activity for more than a quVer of a century, mak ing that small university a center of attraction to students of chemistry from all parts of Germany and from foreign countries. Many honors were conferred on him. The duke of Hesse raised him to the rank of baron. In 1852 he accepted a professorship in the university of Munich, and the charge of the chemical laboratory there; and in 1860 was appointed president of the Munich academy of sciences, as the successor of Thiersch.
Liebig labored with success in all departments of chemistry, but particularly in organic ehemIstry, in which he made many discoveries, and (lid much to improve the methods of analysis. IIe investigated with great care the relations of organic chemistry to physiology, pathology, agriculture, etc.; and, although many of his views have hem
combated, and .several were abandoned by the author himself, it is, nevertheless. uni versally admitted that his researches have greatly advanced the science of agriculture in particular. Many of his papers are contained in the Annalen der Mende ?Ind Phoruacie. lie published the der Chemie (Brunsw., 1837-51) in conjunction with Poggen dorff, and also a supplement to this work (1830-52), hut the discoveries of more recent years are exhibited in the later volumes. I he wrote the part relative to organic chem.
istry in the new edition of Ggiger's.ilandbuch der Pharmacie 1839), published 2) afterwards as Die Organische Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Physiologie and Pathologic, which was translated into French and English (1842). His work on Organic Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture (Brunsw., 1840; English translation by Dr. Lyon Play fair, 1840; and French translation by derhardt, 1840), and his Cleenzical Letters (Paris, 1852), all of which have gone through numerous editions, and have been translated into different languages, are among the most valuable contributions to chemical literature made in our age. He died April 18, 1873.