JUGUR'THA, King of Numidia, son of 3lastanabal, who was a natural son of Masi nissa, was carefully educated along with Adherbal and Hiempsal, the sons of his uncle. Micipsa, who succeeded Masinissa on the throne. After Micipsa's death soon caused Hiempsal to be murdered (118 n.c.). and Adherbal fled to Rome. Jugtirtlitt succeeded in bribing great part of the Roman senate, and obtained a decision in his favor, freeing him from the charge of the murder of FfiempsWand assigning him a larger share of the kingdom than was given to Adherbal (117 n.c). But Jugurtha soon invaded Adherbal's dominions; and, notwithstanding injunctions by the Romans to the contrary, besieged him in the town of Cirta (112 n.c.), and caused him and the Romans who were captured with him to be put to death with horrible tortures. Hereupon, war was declared against Jugurtha by the Roman people; but, by bribing the generals, Jugurtha contrived for years to baffle the Roman power. At last the consul, Q. Ciecilius Metellus, proving inaccessible to bribes, defeated him in 109 and 108 B. O., s6 that he was compelled to flee to the Mauritanian king, Bocchus.- Marius, , who succeeded Metellus in the command, carried on the war against Jugurtha and Bocchus, till at last Bocehus delivered up Jugurtha to the Romans, who exhibited him at Rome in the triumph of Marius (104 p.c.), and then threw him into prison to die of hunger. Jugurtha•has obtained greater prominence in history than he deserves, on account of Sallust's history of the Roman canatiaigns against him. , 31(11313E, Zizypitus, a genus of spiny and deciduous shrubs and small trees of the natural order Rhaninacem. The species arc pretty numerous. The COMMON JUJUBE
(Z. vulgaris) of the south of Europe, Syria, etc., is a low tree, which .produces a fruit. resembling an olive in shape, and size, red, or sometimes yellow when ripe. The fruit is dried as a sweetmeat, and forms an article of commerce. Syrup of jtoubes is used in coughs, fevers, &c, ; but the jajube paste or /Ate de jujube, of the shops of Britain is made of gum-arabic and sugar, without any of the dried jelly of this fruit. The jujube of India (Z. jujube) is a similar small tree, with round or oblong fruit, sometimes of the size of a lieu's egg.—A Chinese species of jujube (Z. nitida) has a very pleasant yellow fruit about an inch long; and other species not much inferior are found in Africa, South America, and other warm countries.—The LOTUS (Z. Lotus), a shrub two or three feet high, a native of Persia, the north of Africa, etc., produces in great abundance a fruit about as large as a sloe, and with a large stone, but having a sweet farinaceous pulp, which the natives of some parts of Africa make into cakes resembling gingerbread. A kind of wine is sometimes made from it.—Z. Spina Christi, another native of the coun tries near the Mediterranean, is sometimes said to be the plant from the branches of which our Savior's crown of thorns was made, and is therefore called CHRIST'S •Tnomc and Jnws' Tuoniv, names which; for the same reason, are also given to Paliu•us aeuleatus. The fruit is about the size of a sloe, oblong, and pleaeautly