KUL'DJA, KOOI:DJA, KATI:DSTIA, or a province in the govern ment of Turkistan; 25,500 sq.m.; pop. "71, 114,337; was formerly apart of Suongaria, the extreme n.w. province of China, which country conquered it in 1754 from the Kal mucks. Some years ago this province declared its independence of China under a native sultan, but in 1871 the Russian government, by agreement with China, annexed Kuldja to its dominions, and this remained its status until 1879, the czar having promised to restore it to the Chinese whenever the latter should occupy the province with a suffi cient force to keep it in order and subjection, as against the wild tribes that inhabited it. The defeat of Yakoob Beg afforded to China the desired opportunity to regain this territory, and a demand was made upon the czar for the performance of his promise. A Russian commission was accordingly appointed, and in Sept., 1879, this commission reported a treaty, which was accepted by China. This treaty restored to the latter power four-fifths of the province of Kuldja, the remaining strip of territory being retained by Russia to afford a foot-hold and hold a certain degree of influence in that country.
SlTIIDJA, also called ILL, an important t., capital of a large territory in Dzungaria, central Asia, near the frontiers of Russia and China. It stands on the right bank of the
Ili, a considerable river, which, rising in the Tian-Shan mountains, flows westward into lake Balkash, after a course of about 300 miles. The town, which till lately had a very brisk and growing trade (the imports in 1873 being valued at upwards of £0,000) has still a population of near 50,000, composed of Dzuugarians, Bokharans, Tajiks, and Chinese. The region in which Kuldja stands revolted against China in 1865, and was occupied and taken possession of by Russia in 1871. The demands of China for the restoration of Kuldja were little heeded by Russia till 1879.
KULTIf, a small village of Bohemia, 16 n.n.w. of Leitmeritz, was the scene of two bloody- conflicts between the Frpnch and allies on Aug. 29 and 80, 1813. The French, numbering 30,000 men, were commanded by gen. Vandamine; the Russians, during the first day-'s conflict, were 17,000, and were commanded by gen. Ostermann Tolstoi. During the night the latter were heavily reinforced, and on the second day Barclay de Tolly assumed the command with 60,000 troops. The result was the com plete wreck of the French army, which lost in these two days little short of 20,000 men, while the allies did not lose half of that number.