JOVIUS, PAULUS (or GIOVIO), 1483-1552; b. at Como, of a noble family; a distin guished historical and biographical Italian writer. His name is properly Paolo Giovio, but lie is better known by the Latinized form. He studied in the universities of Padua and Pavia for the medical profession, which he soon abandoned for literature. He .applied himself to the Latin classics for the purpose of forming a good style. Soon after the election of Leo X. he went to Rome, was introduced to the pope, who, on reading some of Giovio's compositions, declared that, " after Titus Livius there was no more elegant or more eloquent," and thenceforth was his patron. He accom panied cardinal Giulio de Medici on important missious'to different countries, and when his patron became pope Clement VII. he bestowed on him the bishopric of Nocera. Remaining in the capital lie iutrusted the charge of his see to his Giovio was present at the famous conference of Bologna iu 1530 between the emperor Charles V. ...and the pope,•when the emperor gave him the details of his expedition against the Algerine pirates, for the history which he was then writing. Paul III. did not regard •Giovio with favor. That pope was zealous concerning church discipline, while Giovio latitudinarian, if not an infidel or atheist, and the satirical poets accused him of all kinds of licentiousness. Withdrawing from the papal court he retired to his native Como, built a delightful villa, which he fancied to be like one of Pliny's villas, col lected a museum, and made a picture-gallery of the distinguished men of his own and other ages. But the quiet of country life was irksome, and he visited the various courts of Italy, where his humorous couversation and genial bonhomie made him a welcome guest. In one of his visits to Florence he was seized with a violent attack of
the gout, of which he died. He was buried in the church of St. Lorenzo, where a statue was raised to his memory. He died rich. His principal works were: Historic sui Tem poris, 2 vols.; Illustrium yivorum site; Libellus de Piseibvs Romanis; Commentario dells Coss dei lurchi; Dialogo dells Impresse; Letters Volgare. The last is a collection of his letters published after his death, written in a style of jovial humor, and containing much literary and historical information concerning that age. Most of his historical works are untrustworthy, as he was disposed to favor his friends and patrons, and was too :careless or indolent to verify his statements.
.JowErr, BENJAMIN, b. Camberwell, 1817; educated at St. Paul's school; elected to a scholarship at Balliol college, Oxford, in 1835, and to a fellowship in 1838; was 'tutor in 1842, and ordained the same year; in 1853 was a member of the commis sion to consider the mode of admission by examination to the civil service, of which Macaulay was chairman; elected regius professor of Greek in the university in 1855; in 1870 was elected master of Balliol college. lie published a Commentary on the Epistles o.f Paul to the T hessalonians, Galatians, and Romans, and contributed to the Essays and frievieics an article " On the Inspiration of the Scriptures," which being considered heretical, Jle was tried but acquitted. His chief is The Dialogues of Plato translated into Eng lish, with Analyses and Introductions, 4 vols. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from the university of Leyden in 1875.