LAN'ARKSHIRE, or CLY'DESDALE, an inland co. of Scotland, lies w. of the shires of Edinburgh, Linlithgow, and Peebles. Its length is 52 m., and width 34 miles. Its area is 889 sq.m., or 568,868 acres, and its valued rental, including railways, etc., in 1877-78 was 22,060,929. This countyis subdivided intompper, middle, and lower wards. The first of these comprises more than onedialf of the comity, and consists in a great measure of hills and moorish ground; the second contains about 100,000 acres, much of which is unprofitable; the third, which contains the city of Glasgow, is nearly all cultivated, although very little of the soil, unless that bordering on the Clyde, is of first quality. The principal hills are the Lowthers, which rise in Green Hill to the height of 2,403 ft.; Tintock is 2,335 ft. high. In the upper ward is the village of Leadhills, which is 1323 ft. above sea-level, being the highest inhabited place in Scotland. This county possesses great mineral wealth. There are upwards of 200 collieries, and 14 iron-works, having nearly 100 blast-furnaces. The cotton, flax, and woolen manufactures, which arc very extensive, and constitute one of the most important sources of wealth in the country, are carried on in and around Glasgow. The county is watered principally by the Clyde (q.v.) and its affluents. Lanarkshire was famous for its orchards as early as the time of the Venerable Bede. They yielded, early in the present century, as much as £8,000
yearly, but have latterly fallen off; and the ground is more profitably employed in pro ducing gooseberries, vegetables, etc., for the Glasgow market. The climate of Lanark shire is moist, and in many of the lower districts mild and genial, but often cold and boisterous in the high grounds. . It is not in general well suited for raising grain-crops; but much of it is excellently adapted for the rearing of stock and for dairy purposes. In 1876 the total acreage under rotation was 243,442; of which there were 3,493 acres Of wheat, 553 barley, 45,698 oats, 9.961 acres turnips, and 6,963 acres potatoes. The total acreage under corn crops was 52,151; under green crops, 18,441; under clover and grasses, 72,016; and under permanent pasture, 100.217. Of live-stock, the numbers were: horses used for agricultural purposes, 7,522; cattle, 65,147; sheep, 213,535; swine, 8.268. Besides Glasgow, Lanarkshire contains the royal burghs of Lanark (which is the county town), and Rutherglen, the towns of Hamilton, Airdrie, Coatbridge, Wishaw, Mother Well, etc. Lanarkshire, which, for parliamentary purposes, falls into a northern and it southern division, sends two members to parliament; constituency in 1876-77, 12,636. Pop. '71, 765,339.