LON'DONDERRY, CITY or, a seaport, aud a corporate and parliamentary borough, capital of the above county, situated on the river Foyle, and distant from Dublin 144 m. n.n.w. Pop. in 1871, 24,242. It returns one member to parliament. Londonderry arose under the shadow of a monastery founded here in the 6th c. by St. Columba. It was pillaged more than once by the Danes, and was occupied, but with many vicissi tudes, by the English at the invasion. The town formed part of the escheated territory ,granted to the .London companies, and under their management the city arose to some importance, and was strongly fortified. In the Irish war of the revolution Londonderry threw itself earnestly into the cause of William of Orange, and closed its gates against James II. The siege of Londonderry is one of the most celebrated events in modern Irish history, and its memories are among the most stirring of the occasions of party animosity. Since that date the city has steadily grown in extent and prosperity. It is beautifully situated on the left bank of the Foyle, upon a hill which overlooks the xiver. The walls are still preserved, and form an agreeable promenade; they sur. round a part of the town one mile in circumference, but the buildings have extended -beyond them. A square from which the four niain streets diverge is called the Dia mond. The left bank of the river is connected by an iron bridge, 1200 ft. in length,
with an extensive suburb called Waterside. The cathedral dates from 1633. A hand .some Roman Catholic cathedral has been erected. The court-house also is a building of some pretensions, and the historical events above alluded to are commemorated by a -triumphal arch erected in 1789, and a column in honor of the rev. George Walker, N% ho was governor of the city during the memorable defense, of which he was himself the great organizer and inspirer. There are several important educational foundations, one of which, Gwyn's school, has an income of S1870; Magee college, founded in 1865, is an important institution. The arrangements and appliances of the port are on a good scale. Vessels of 500 tons can discharge at the quays, and there is a patent slip capable .of receiving vessels of 800 tons. Steamers ply to Liverpool, Glasgow, and Belfast: there is railway communication with Dublin aud Belfast, as well as a considerable advance towards direct communication with the western coast, and the lough Swilly live is car ried north to Buncrana. In 1875, 1429 vessels of 273,892 tons entered, and 905 of 204,249 tous cleared the port. The chief manufactures are flax-spinning, distilling, brewing, rope-making, and tanning. There is also an extensive salmon-fishery.