LIST, FRIEDRICH, 1789-1846; b. Reutlingen in WUrtemberg; was for two or three years professor of political economy at the university of Tubingen; was elected member of the diet of WUrtemberg, but was expelled in 1822 for his censure of the acts of the government, and condemned to ten months' imprisonment. He fled to Switzerland and Alsace, but returning in 1824 wa,s imprisoned in the fortress of Asperg. Having received a pardon he emigrated to America and settled in Pennsylvania. In 1827 he published his Outlines of a New System of Political Economy, which attracted much attention. He became a large land-holder, and in connection with others settled the two towns of Port Clinton and Tamaqua in Schuylkill county. On the latter he discovered a valuable deposit of anthracite. At this tame he was much interested in the establishment of mil roads. In 1830 he was appointed U. S. consul at Hamburg, but soon came back
to Pennsylvania, and in 1832 returned to Europe, acting for a while iu 1833as American consul at Leipsic. In 1837 he went to Paris, where he wrote several letters for the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung, which were afterwards published in a volume under the title of Das Nationale System der Politisch,en Oekonomie. In lt343 he established at Augs burg the Zollvereinsblatt, in which he advocated a national commercial system and a national fleet. He visited Austria and Hungary in 1844, and England in 1846 for the purpose of forming a commercial alliance between Germany and that country, in which his efforts were not successful. Depressed by the failure of his plans, the loss of his health and property, he shot himself in a fit of insanity. His works, with a biography, were published in 3 volumes in 1850 at Stuttgart.