MACFARREN, GEORGE ALEXANDER, PLCUS.D., an English musical composer and. essayist of high reputation, son of George Macfarren, a dramatic author and musician. He was born in London, Mar. 2, 1813, and his education was conducted at the royal' academy of music, at which institution lie became a professor in 1834. As an operatic composer, Mr. Macfarren is the most characteristic representative of the national Eng lish sehool—his abn being to revive the old English music in modern opera. His earliest dramatic work, The Devil's Opera, was produced in 1838; Don Quixote followed in 1846; and King Charles II. in 1849, which first brought out Miss Louisa Pyne in English opera. A cantata, The Sleeper Awakened, was brought out, at the national concerts in 1850, Lenore in 1852, May-day in 1856, and Christmas in 1860. The opera of Robin Hood fol lowed in the same year, which attained a popularity far beyond its predecessors, and: was performed during a whole season to overflowing houses. The opera di camera of Jessy Lea followed in 1863; She Stoops to Conquer and Helvellyn in 1864. The oratorio of John the Baptist appeared in 1873. Mr. Macfarren's works comprise numerous other small dramatic pieces, as well as chamber music, vocal and instrumental, and several symphonies and overtures. IIe has also contributed largely to the literature of music. His Rudiments of Harmony were published in 1860; Six Lectures on Harmony, in 1867. In 1875 lie became principal of the royal academy of music, and professor of music at Cambridge university, receiving the degree of doctor of music.
McFERRIN„Tomc BERRY, D.D., b. Rutherford, Tenn., 1807; admitted as a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal church in 1825, and was a missionary for two years among the Cherokee Indians. In 1840 he began to edit the Southwestern Christian Advocate at Nashville, which lie continued for 18 years; was in 1858 appointed book agent of the 3lethodist Episcopal church; in 1866 was ma.de corresponding secretary of the board of missions. IIe is the author of History of „Methodismin Tennessee, 3 vols., and assisted in the preparation of Redford's History of the Organization of the Methodist Episco , pal Church, South.
_ MAcGATIA.N, JANUARIUS ALOYSIUS, 1814 78; b. Ohio; of Irish-American parent age. He commenced the practice of composition when quite young, and entered jour nalism as a correspondent. In 1868 he visited Europe, and at the outbreak of the Franco-German war was attached to the staff of the New York, _Herald, and accompanied the army of Bourbaki, whose defeat and retreat into Switzerland he described in his letters. He was in Paris during the Commune and wrote vigorous and g-raphic descrip tion of the scenes and incidents of the time. Ou one occasion he was arrested, and waa preserved from death at the hands of the infuriated communists only by the interven tion of the American minister. During the summer of 1871 lie traveled through Europe, and in the autumn was ordered by the Herald to Russia, where he remained during the following year. The Russian expedition to Khiva in 1873 was attended by MacGallan in the capacity of correspondent of the Herald, despite the positive directions to the con trary of gen. Kaufmann, commanding the expedition. The pertinacity, shrewdness, and good-nature with which the Amencan persisted in carrying his point in:iiired SUCCCSS; and, though at times hunted by Cossacks under orders to restrain him, he was able to fulfill his engagement, and convey intelligence to the journal employing hiro that reached the public in no other way. The information which he gained during the progress of this expedition was afterwards published by MacGahan in book-form under the title Cainpaigning on the Oxus and the Pall of Khiva. The latter part of the year 1873 was spent by MacGalian at his borne in Ohio and in Cuba; and in the spring of 1874 he was in Lotulon, whence lie was ordered bv the Herald to proceed to Spain to report the Carlist outbreak of that year. He joinea the army of Don Carlos, and accom panied it for ten months, continuing a voluminous and graphic correspondence with his journal during the progress of the campaign. While in Spain lie fell into the hands of
the republicans, was mistaken for a Carlist, and again owed his life to the intervention of the representative of his government. In 1875 he accompanied the Pandora expe dition toward the north pole, organized by the editor of the Herald and eapt. Allen Young, and on his return published an account of his experiences with the title Under the Northern Lights. He now resigned from the employ of the Herald, and entered that of the London Daily News ; and in June, 1876, took his departure to join the Turkish anny in the capacity of war-correspondent of that journal. But the progress of this duty soon brought to MaeGalinn's ears rumors of the commission of horrible barbarities by the Turkish guerrillas (Bashi-Bazonks) in Bulgaria, and he repaired to that country to witness for himself and to the world the truth or falsity of these statements. The hor rible evidences of the malignant cruelty which had characterized Turkish warfare in Bulgaria roused in the Ainerican feelings of the most intense indignation, and lie recapitulated the history of his experiences in the columns of the Daily News in language which awakened the profoundest sympathy on thc part of the British public, and, indeed, wherever the terrible story found readers. Concerning the extraordinary series of letters which at this period drew the attention of the civilized world to the columns of the Daily News, the followin., from the pen of Archibald Forbes, who was long associated with MacGahan, will be read with interest: " MacGalian's work in exposing. the Bulgarian atrocities of 1876 produced very remarkable results. As mere literary work there is nothing that I know of to excel it in vividness, in pathos, in a burning earnestness, in a glow that thrills from the heart to the heart. His letters fired Mr. Gladstone into a convulsive paroxysm of revolt against the barbarities they described. They stirred England to its very depths, and tnen traveling in railway carriages were to be noticed with Unshed faces and moistened eyes as tkey read them. Lord Beaconsfield, then premier of England, tried to whistle down the wind the veracity of the exposures they made. The master of sneers jibed at the " coffee-house babble ' that was making the nations to throb with indignant passion. A British official, Mr. Walter Baring, was sent into Bulgaria on the track of the two Americans, MacGaltan and Schuyler, with intent to break down their testimony by cold official investigations. But, lol Barin. was an honest man with a heart; and he who had been sent out to curse MacGallan blessed him instead altogether, for he more than confirmed his figures and pictures of murder, brutality-, and atrocity. It is not too much to say that this Ohio boy, who three years ago was laid in his all too-premature grave on the shore of the Hellespont, changed the face of eastern Europe." It is stated that, on leaving the unhappy Bulgarians, MacGalian said to them: " Before a year is past you will see me here with the army of the czar." This assurance was verified by the event. Early in 1877 he went to St. Petersburg, and accompanied the Russian column throughout the suceeeding,war, indefatigable in the pursuit of his professional duties and enthusiastic in the cause which he had taken so much to heart. Ile was preparing to attend the international congress at Berlin when he was struck down by fever, and died in Constantinople after a few days' illness, June 9, 1878. MacGalian wa.s a type of a class of journalists whose names can be numbered on the fingers of one hand: Russell, Sala, Stanley, Forbes, MacGahan. After them come a long list of names, chiefly American, including Albert D. Richardson, John Rus sell Young, Eugene Schuyler, Whitelaw Reid, etc., through whose additional labors the art of the newspaper correspondent has become recognized and respected.