MILL, JOHN STUART, was b. in London May 20, 1806. He was educated at home by his father. In 1820 he went to France, where he lived for upwards of a year, making himself master of the French language, and occasionally attending public lectures on He lived for some time at Paris, in the house of the French economist Jean I a ;ism Say, where he made the acquaintance of many men distinguished, then or after wards, in letters and in politics. He spent part of his time in the s. of France, in the house of sir Samuel Bentham, brother to Jeremy Bentham. During this stay in France he laid the foundation of his great familiarity with, and interest in, the polities as well as the literature of the French nation. In 1823 he entered the India House, and became a clerk in the examiner's office, where his father was assistant examiner. For thirty-three years he continued to be occupied in the department of the office °named the political, or the transactions of the company with the native states. In 1831 he was appointed assistant examiner, and in 1856 he was placed at the head of the department. He ener getically opposed the transfer of the India government to the crown in 1858. On the score of failing health he declined a seat at the new Indian eouncil, and retired from office in October of the same year, on a compensating allovvance. At the general election of 1865 Mill was returned to parliatnent for Westminster; and till he lost his seat at the election of 1868 he acted with the advanced liberals. He died May 8, 1873, at Avignon,
where he had spent most part of the last yeat's of his life.
Mr. Mill became an author at a very early age, and may be looked upon as one of the foremost thinkers of his time. His first publications consisted of articles in the West minster Review. He took an active part in the political discussions that followed the revolution of 1830 in Fra.nce and the reform-bill movement in England; and from 1833 to 1840 was editor, and along with sir W. Molesworth proprietor, of the London and Westminster Review, where many articles of his own appeared. In 1843 he published his System of Logic; in 1844, Essays on swne Unsettled Questions of Political Economy; in 1848, Prineiples of Political Economy; in 1839, an essay on Liberty; in 1860, Discussions and Dissertations; in 1863, a small work on Utilitariani,sm; in 1863, Comte and Positivism and the Examination of Sir -William IIamilton's Philosophy; in 1867 (when 3E11 was rec tor of St. Andrew's university), his Inaugural-Address • in 1868, England and Ireland; and in 1869, !The Subjecti,om of Women. After his death apppeared his Autobiography (1873), read with intense interest; Three Essays on Religion (1874); and a second volume of Discussions and Dissertations (1875).