LUX'EMBUBG. an old German co., and afterwards a duchy, which, about the 12th came into possession of the counts of Limburg, who assumed the title of counts of Luxemburg. It was next acquired by Burgundy, and in this way came into the hands of Austria. By the peace of Campo Formio (q.v.), it was ceded to France an 1797. In 1814 it was elevated to the rank of a grand duchy of the German ,confederation, and given to Holland in compensation for the loss of Nassau. In 1830. when Belgium fonned itself into an independent kingdom, Luxemburg WRS divided between it and Holland—the latter, however, retaining little more than the fortress of Luxemburg, till 1839, when, hy a treaty signed in London, a new division was made more favorable to Holland.—BELGIAN LUXEMBURG, or LUXEMBOURG, the largest province of Belgium, forming the s.e. corner of the country, contains an area of 1690 English sq.m., with a pop. (1873) of 206,069. It is traversed from s.w. to n.e. by a branch of the Ardennes, which nowhere exceed 2,000 ft. in height. The surface is in general extremely rugged, much covered with woods and morasses. The soil is poor. About a third of the arable land,is devoted to pasture, great numbers of cattle, sheep and horses being- reared for export. The horses are a strong, hardy breed, much prized both for agricultural and military purposes. The mineral wealth of the country consists of iron, lead, copper, marble, freestone, slate, gypsum, etc. The chief manu
factures are cloth, tulle, earthenware, leather, nails, and potash; and the principal .articles of export are hemp, flax, oak-bark, timber, iron, leather, cheety, Ate. The cap.
ital of the province, Arlon, has a pop. of 4,200.—DITTCII LUXEMBURG, e. of the Belgiatr province of Luxemburt.,r, is connected with the Netherlands iu the person of the sover eign, but has a constitution and administration of its own. The king of Holland. as grand duke, appoints a deputy-governor. Dutch Luxemburg was a part of the Ger manic confederation from its formation in 1815 till its dissolution in 1866. In 1867 its neutrality was guaranteed by the great powers. Its present constitution dates from 1868. The chamber of deputies consists of 40 members, chosen for 6 years by direct vote in the electoral districts. Area, 990 English sq.m.; pop. '71, 197.528, the most of whom are engaged in agriculture. The chief products are wine, corn, hops, hemp, and flax. In the castcrn districts there are iron mines, anti lime and slate quarries. The majority of the inhabitants are "Walloons, the rest mainly Gertnans. The capital is Luxemburg. By a law of 1868 the anny consists of 13 officers, 500 under-officers and privates, besides 122 gendarmes.