MACAQUE', quadrumana belonging to the family simidte, and to that section denom inated by Bowen catarrhine, or the old-world monkeys. They constitute the genus maw ens of which there are several species. There has been some confusion in the classifica tion of these animals. The name first appears in Marcgrave's Natural History of Brazil, as the name of a monkey of Congo and the coasts of Guinea. The application of the title to an Asiatic species of an entirely different genus was au error of Buffon's—per hapa unavoidable when made by him. Lacepede latinized the word macaque (or rnacaco), the native title, and applied it to the genus. There arc also different state ments made as regards theliabitat of the apes to which the term is now applied, for it is often stated that the macaques are natives of Africa as well its of Asia and Gibraltar; whereas Mivart, in his little book Ilan and Apes, distinctly states that " the macaci, or macaques, are not found in Africa, but they extend farther north than any other of the monkeys. P Two species, he says, arc found in Japan and at Gibraltar, called respectively Mr. speciosus, and 31. inuus. An Indian macaque, called the rhesus, inhabits many parts
of Hindustan in great numbers. (See RHESUS MONNEY, ante.) The wauderoo. or .,1!, silenus of the Indian archipelago, is another macaque (see WaxnEitoo, ante). The M. inuus, the Gibraltar monkey, is regarded by.some as a distinct genus from the Japan ape, and is called inuus sylranus, or the Barbary ape (q.v.). The following species of maearus are given in the British museum catalogue: If. radiatus, the zati, or capped macaque, sometimes called the toque; M. sinicus, the munga, or bonnet macaque; nemestrinus, the bruh ; cynomolgus, the macaque; rhesus, the rhesus; M. oi nops, the oinops; specioms, the Japan ape; 3r. juncus, the magot, and M. ?tiger. The macaques have cheek pouches and large ischial callosities; the length of tail also varies in different species, being rudimentary in some and long in others. Many of the mon keys seen in menageries are macaques. When young they are docile and active, but as they grow old they become morose and exhibit some of the ferocity of their cousins the baboons. See QUADRIMIANA.