MADISON, a co. in central New York, having Oneida lake, 20 m. long and 6 m. wide, for its n. boundary; drained hy Oneida creek, the Chenango river, the tnadilla river on its s.e. border, the Chittenango river on the s.w., and the Canastota emptying into Oneida lake; also by Cazenovia lake, 3 m. long, in the w. section; 650 sq.m.; pop. '80, 44,372. Its surface is low and uneven, well wooded, in some portions swampy, in .others sinking into deep, narrow valleys. Sugar-maple, ash, and oak trees grow in profusion. Its soil has an underlying formation of Niagara limestone and Onondaga limestone, and stone which is quarried for building purposes. Gypsum and water-lime are found, and saline'sulphur springs. Hops are exported, the yield in '70 being 3,232,925 lbs. Its productions include every variety of grain, tobacco, maple-sugar, -wool, Irish potatoes, and an enormous dairy product. It produced in '70, 8,389 lbs. of honey. Cash value of farms in '70, $26,568,018, numbering 4,140. It had in '70, 736
manufacturing establishments, employing 2,488 hands, with a capital of $2,140,286, and an annual product of $4,798,371. Its leading industries are the manufacture of carriages, -wagons, flour, brick, cheese, leather, agricultural implements, lumber, cooperage, steam .engines, optical and astronomical instruments, pocket cutlery, boxes, furniture, water lime, lime, cotton, silk, and woolen goods, ship-building and repairiner. It has distil leries, foundries, and knitting-mills. It is intersected by the New fork Central and Hudson River railroad and the Utica, Clinton and Binghamton, with their branches, the Cazenovia, Cauastota and De Ruyter railroad; the -Erie canal and the Chenango .eanal, connecting Utica with Binghamton, following the course of the Chenango river in the s.e. section. Seat of justice, Morrisville.