The detest school statistics are those of the year ending July 31, 1878: Number of schools, .1989; pupils, 156,274; average. attendance, 81,839; number of teachers, 3,071. In Baltimore the schools were opened 10 months of the year; in other counties, a, 1 i ttle over 8 months. Total expenditures of the year for school purposes, $1,593,259_ There are separate schools for colored children. The state normal school at Baltimore was opened in 1865, and in 1870 had an income from productive funds of $9,500, and a library of 1250 volumes. The Howard normal school for colored pupils has au annual income of $2,000, and adibrary of 1750 volumes. Normal instruction is also given in St. John's. college, Annapolis. The provisions for higher education in Maryland are comparatively ample. .The.-McDonogh bequest, from which, the sum of $800,000 had been realized up. to 1870, is the foundation of a farm school for boys, now in successful operation. The Peabody institute in Baltimore, endowed by the late Mr. Georg,e Peabody with $1,200,000, besides buildings, is intended to found a pvat library, support air extensive system. ‘of lectures, and a conservatory of music. The Johns Hopkins. university, founded. in 1874 by the late Johns Hopkins of Baltimore, and endowed by him with the. sum of $3,500,000, has already taken rank among the best universities of the country. The state agricultural college in Prince George's co. was founded. upon. the avails of the pub lic lands given for the purpose to the state by the -United States. It has a farm of 300 acres. It embraces a collegiate course of four and a scientific course of three years. Provision is also made for students desiring, to. remain but. &single year. The other col leges of the state are Frederick college, at Frederick, Loyola college at Baltimore; Rock Hill college and St. Charles college at Ellicott city; St_ John's college at Annapolis; Washington college at Chestertown; Western Maryland college. at Westminster. Nuin ber of instructors in these institutions, 113; of students, 629, There are also several flourishing seminaries for the instruction of young- ladies, and a number of professional schools. The United States naval academy at Annapolis has &library of 16,828 volumes. There are two medical schools; one of them a department of Washington university, the other of the university of Maryland. The- Maryland college of pharmacy was founded in 1841; the Baltimore college of dentistry, the oldest of the kin.d in the isorld, was founded in 4840. The Maryland dental eollege was- founded. in 1873. In 1870, there were in the state 3,353 libraries, containing 1,713,483. volumes; of these, 2,037, containing 1,142,538 volumes, were private. There were 88 newspapers and periodicals —8 daily, 1 tri-weekly, 2 semi-weekly, 69 weekly, and 8 monthly.
The state institutions are the penitentiary, the asylum for the blind (white), and that :for the colored blind and deaf at Baltimore; the hospital for the insane, at Spring Grove, Baltimore co.; thp institution for the deaf and dumb, at Frederick; and. house of refuge. ,for juvenile delinquents, near Baltimore.
The governor of the state is elected for four years. His veto can be overcome only by a three-fifths vote of both houses of the legislature. He has a salary of $4,500. The governor, comptroller, and treasurer constitute the board of public works. The Iegis lature, which meets biennially, consists of a senate and house of representatives. The -senatons, 26 in number, one from each county, and one from each of the three legislative *districts of Baltimore, are elected for four years, one-laaff retiring biennially. The idelegates, 85 in number, are elected for two years by districts defined by the legis lature after each census. Members of the legislature are paid $5 per day during the sessions, besides mileage. The court of appeals, composed of the chief judges of the frst seven circuits and a judge specially elected in Baltimore, has appellate jurisdiction only. The state is divided into 8 judicial circuits, the city of Baltimore constituting the eighth. In each circuit, except the eighth, a chief judge and two associate judges are elected; and in each county a circuit court is held, having original jurisdiction, both civil and criminal, and appellate jurisdiction of the judgments of justices of the peace. The city of Baltimore has live courts, viz.: the superior court, the court of
common pleas, the city court, the circuit court, and the criminal court. A chief judge and four associate judges, constituting the supreme bench of Baltimore, designate one or more of their number to hold these several courts, and any three or more to hold general terms with limited appellate powers. Judges are elected by the people of their respective circuit for a term of 15 years, but cannot serve after they are 70 years of age. The legislature is prohibited from lending the credit of the state to any individual, association, or torpbration. Amendments to the constitution must be proposed by three-fifths of each house of the legislature and ratified by the people. Once in every .'2.0 years the people must vote upon the question of holding a convention to revise the constitution. A married woman may acquire, hold, and manage property independently of her husband, and dispose of the same as if single. Her husband must join her, how ever, in the execution of any deed.
The position of Mary-land in the war of the rebellion was peculiar. As a slavehold ing state, her sympathies were naturally to a great extent with the south; but her proximity to the north served to niodity her feelings in this respect and to keep her from joining the confederacy. A considerable portion of the people were in favor of secession, but a very large majority were strongly opposed. Great efforts were made to keep the state in a neutral position, but without success. A considerable number of men enlisted in the confederate army, but of those who remained at home a majority were loyal to the union. Attempts were made in Baltimore in the first days of the war to prevent the passage of union troops through that city to Washington and the south, and several Alassachusetts soldiers were killed in consequence; but the enemies of the union werd effectually subdued by the power of the national government, aided by the better por tion of the citizens of the state. In spite of the circumstances aboVe mentioned, Mary land contributed 49,780 men to the union armies. The battle of Antietam and several others of less importance were fought on Maryland soil.
The electoral votes of Maryland for president and vice-president have been as fol lows:-1789, 6 for Washington and R. H. Harrison of Maryland-2 vacancies; 1792, 8 for Washington and Adams; 1796, 7 for Adams and 4 for Jefferson for president; and 4 for Pinckney, 3 for Burr, 2 for John Henry, and 2 vacancies, for vice-president. 1800, 5 each for Jefferson and Burr for president; and 5 each for Adams and Pinckney for vice-president; 1804, 9 for Jefferson and 2 for Pinckney for president; and 9 for Clinton and 2 for King for vice-president; 1812, 6 for Madison and 5 for Geo. Clinton for presi dent; and 6 for Gerry and 5 for Jared Ingersoll for vice-president; 1816, 8 for Monroe and 3 vacancies for president; and 8 for Tompkins and 3 vacancies for vice-president; 1820, 11 for Monroe for president; and 10 for Tompkins and 1 for Robert C. Harper for vice-president; 1824, 7 for Jackson, 3 for J. Q. Adams, and 1 for W. H. Crawford for president; and 10 for Calhoun and 1 for Jackson for vice-president; 1828, 5 for Jackson and 6 for J. Q. Adams for president; and 5 for Calhoun and 6 for Rush for vice president; 1832, 3 for Jackson, 5 for Clay, and 2 vacancies, for president; and 5 for Sargeant, 3 for Van Buren, and 2 vacancies for vice-president; 1836, 10 for Harrison and R. hi. Johnson; 1840, 10 for Harrison and Tyler; 1844, 8 for Clay and Frelinghuy sen ; 1848, 8 for Taylor and Fillmore; 1852, 8 for Pierce and King; 1856, 8 for Fillmore and Donelson; 1860, 8 for Breckinrid2-,e and Lane; 1864, 7 for Lincoln and Johnson; 1868, 7 for Seymour and Blair; 1872, 8 for Thomas A. Hendricks and B. Gratz Brown; 1876, 8 for Tilden and Hendricks; 1880, 8 for Hancock and English.