APPEAL, an application for the trans fer of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior court or judge. It differs from a writ of error in two respects: (1) That an appeal may be brought on any interlocutory matter, but a writ of error only on a definite judgment. (2) That on writs of error, the superior court pro nounces the judgment, while on appeals it gives directions to the court below to rectify its decree. (Blackstone's "Com mentaries," book iii, ch. 4.) In the United States, the distinction between an appeal, which originated in the civil law, and a writ of error, which is of common law origin, is that the for mer carries the whole case for review by the higher court, including both the facts and the law; while the latter removes only questions of law. An act of Con gress of 1875 provides that the judg ments and decrees of the Circuit Courts of the United States shall not be re-ex amined in the Supreme Court unless the matter in dispute shall exceed the sum or value of $5,000, exclusive of costs. No judgment, decree or order of a circuit or district court, in any civil action at law or in equity, shall be reviewed in the Su preme Court on writ of error or appeal, unless the writ of error is brought, or the appeal is taken, within two years after the entry of such judgment, decree, or order ; save in the case of infants, insane persons, and imprisoned persons, when the period is two years, exclusive of this term of disability. An appeal from
a district court to a circuit court of the United States must be taken within one year. An appeal from the district court in admiralty to the circuit court must be made immediately after the decree, in open court, before the adjournment sine die; and it should be taken to the next succeeding circuit court. An appeal may be taken from the State courts to the Supreme Court of the United States. in cases involving the validity of a treaty or statute of, or authorized under, the United States; on the ground of repug nance to the constitution, etc.