Education.—The school population in 1919 was about 78,000. There were en rolled in the grammar schools 63,714 pupils and in the high schools, 4,504. The daily attendance in the grammar schools was 38,139 and in the high schools, 3,220. There were 1,702 teachers in the public schools. The total expenditure for education purposes in 1919 was $2, 973,339. For higher instruction there were public high schools at Phcenix and Prescott, St. Joseph's Academy at Pres cott, a public normal school at Tempe, and the University of Arizona at Tuc son, opened in 1891. Schools for Indian youth are maintained at the Colorado river, Fort Apache, Navajo and San Carlos agencies, and at Phcenix, Sacaton, Supai, Hualapai, and Hackberry.
Churches.—The strongest denomina tions numerically are the Roman Cath olic; Latter-Day Saints; Methodist Epis copal, South; Baptist; Presbyterian; Protestant Episcopal; and Congrega tional.
Railroads.—The railway mileage is about 2,500. About 30 miles of new track were constructed in 1919.
Finances.—The total receipts for the fiscal year 1919 were $7,089,715, and the disbursements $5,760,454. There was a balance at the end of the year of $1,329, 260. The total bonded indebtedness of the State, including county and city in debtedness, in 1919 was $2,996,275.
Government.—Arizona became a State as a result of the passage in Jan. 20, 1910, of an Enabling Act which author ized the election of delegates for the con stitutional convention. This election was held on September 12, 1910. The Con vention was in session from Oct. 15 to Dec. 10, 1910. The constitution prepared by this body was extremely radical, in cluding the recall of judges, initiative and referendum, and other provisions of a like nature. It was ratified on Feb.
7, 1911, by a vote of 12,000 to 7,500. Congress, as a result of action on the part of President Taft, passed a resolu tion providing for the admission of An zone as a State if the provision for the recall of judges should be eliminated from the Constitution. This action was eliminated on Dec. 12, 1911. The procla mation formally admitting Arizona to the Union as a State was signed on Feb. 14, 1912. At the first election held on Dec. 12, 1911, officers and members to Congress were elected. Democrats elected all the officers. An amendment providing for woman suffrage was car ried at this election as well as an amend ment to the constitution restoring the provision for the recall of judges. The Legislature is composed of 19 members of the Senate and 35 members of the House. There is one representative in Congress. The Governor is elected for a term of four years.
.History.—The country now included in Arizona and New Mexico was partly explored in 1539 by Marco de Nizan, in quest of the precious metals, and on his report Vasquez de Coronado organized an expedition in the following year and visited the Moqui villages and the New Mexican pueblos. About 1596 the first colony was established; in 1680 the Spaniards were driven out of the coun try; by 1695 they had recovered nearly all of it, and by 1720 Jesuit missionaries had established a number of missions, ranches and mining stations. There were serious Indian outbreaks in 1802 and 1827, and what is now Arizona and New Mexico was acquired by the United States by treaties in 1848 and 1853.