During the progress of hostilities, rep resentatives of the Great Powers had continued their efforts in behalf of peace. The chief difficulty was found with the members of the Triple Alliance, espe cially Austria, which was hostile to any movement which would give Serbia a port on the Adriatic, or would cut off Austria-Hungary from the road to Sa loniki. It was finally agreed that repre sentatives of the Powers should confer in London and such a conference was held. Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, and Turkey sent delegates to this conference. Greece insisted on being represented also, although she was still carrying on war against Turkey. Turkey refused to yield the territorial demands of the Allies and hostilities were resumed in Feb. 3, 1913. The Turks again sustained a num ber of defeats. The Great Powers again on March 1 offered mediation and two weeks later the Balkan Allies accepted. After a long deliberation Turkey agreed to accept the lines laid down by the Allies, leaving for future discussion other questions, including the indemnity. A second armistice was signed on April 19, 1913, by all the belligerents except Mon tenegro which persisted in carrying on hostilities, capturing Scutari on April 23. Following this Montenegro acceded to the armistice. The second conference was held in London and the Balkan diplomats came to an agreement late in 'May, 1913. As a result of the agreement made, the Ottoman Empire was deprived of all her European possessions except Constantinople and a small tract of land east of the Maritza river.
The question of the division of the spoils at once arose among the Allies. Bulgaria claimed the greater part of Macedonia, to which also a claim was made by Serbia. Greece insisted upon retaining both Saloniki and Kavala, which had been occupied by her troops. Rumania, which had not joined the other Balkan nations, insisted upon "a strategic frontier" and for compensation for pre serving neutrality during the war. The Bulgarian Government, encouraged by Austria-Hungary, made a sudden offen sive against the Greeks and Serbians on June 30. On July 10 Rumania began hostilities, and the Turks, taking ad vantage of the discord among her ene mies, advanced toward Adrianople. The Bulgarian armies were quickly defeated against these odds. Adrianople was cap tured by the Turks, and the Serbians and Montenegrins won quick success over the Bulgarian forces. King Ferdinand, in the face of these calamities, asked for peace. The Treaty of Bucharest followed which was signed on Aug. 6. By its terms Rumania secured important ex tension of her frontier. Bulgaria was obliged to yield an extensive area to Serbia and to Greece. She was also obliged to yield Adrianople to Turkey.
The bitter feeling which resulted from this brief campaign, and the resentment felt by Bulgaria toward Greece and the other Balkan nations, were a large facto- in determining her entrance into the World War on the side of Germany, rather than that of the Entente nations.