YOUNG, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, an American astronomer; born in Hanover, N. H., Dec. 15, 1834; was graduated at Dartmouth College (1853), Professor of Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy in Western Reserve College (1857-1866); captain of a company of the 85th Ohio Volunteers (1862) ; Professor of Astron omy and Physics in Dartmouth College (1866-1877); Professor of Astronomy in the College of New Jersey at Princeton (1877). He was a member of the eclipse parties to Iowa in 1869, and to Spain in 1870; of the transit of Venus party to Pekin, China, 1874, and organized the Princeton eclipse expedition to Denver in 1878. He discovered the green line of the solar corona in 1869, and identified it with the line 1,474 of Kirchoff's scale. At the 1870 eclipse he discovered the so called "reversing layer" surrounding the solar photosphere, and in 1872 at Sher man, Wyo., detected the bright reversal of many lines of the solar spectrum in ordinary sunlight. At Dartmouth College
he made the first determination of the sun's rotation from the displacement of the lines of its spectrum at the E. and W. limbs, and he was recognized as one of the leading authorities in spectroscopy and in all matters relating to the sun. He was a lecturer in the courses of the Peabody Institute at Baltimore, the Lowell Institute at Boston, and at many colleges. He wrote: "The Sun" (1882), and "General Astronomy" (1889), the best works on their respective subjects in any language; also "Elements of As tronomy" (1890) ; "Lessons in As tronomy" (1891) ; "Uranography." He was vice-president and president of the American Association for the Advance ment of Science, an associate of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain, and a member of the Na tional Academy of Sciences. He died Jan. 4, 1908.