TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, a society of compositors banded together for mu tual protection, for the regulation of wages, fixing the number of apprentices allowed to each establishment, the length of time each apprentice must serve in order to become a master workman, and for extending general aid to the mem bers of such association.
With the extension of the printing business in the United States, and espe cially with the development of news papers, there arose a necessity for mu tual protective associations among com positors and other cognate trades con nected with the art of printing. These associations were at first local in their jurisdiction. But the migratory habits of journeymen printers suggested the necessity for an organization that would secure for these nomads the comity and extension of favor and protection which the members of a common craft should always receive from each other. From this necessity arose the International Union, which is composed of delegates from subordinate unions in the United States and Canada. While the Interna tional Union is the supreme body, the management of the internal affairs of each union is left almost entirely to the subordinate divisions. Thus each local union may regulate the number of ap prentices,.-the scale of wages for compo sition, tile work, etc. Whenever a mem ber of one local union comes within the jurisdiction of another local body, he at once is subject to the by-laws of the lat• ter. Traveling cards are granted to
members, but these cards must be de posited with the local union within the jurisdiction of which its holder proposes to remain for a given length of time, and dues must be paid into the local union with which the card is deposited. There are numerous local unions in the United States, that of New York City being the largest, having a membership of some thousands—followed by Chicago, Phila delphia, Boston, St. Louis, and other large cities of the country. The Interna tional Union meets once every year, at different places in the United States or Canada, while the local unions usually hold a meeting each month to transact regular business.
TYR, in Scandinavian mythology, the son of Odin, and the god of war and of fame, which idea is expressed in old Norse by the word tyr. According to the Edda, he was single-handed. When the Asa-gods persuaded the wolf Fenrir to allow himself to be bound with the band age Gleipnir, Tyr put his right hand in the wolf's mouth, as a pledge that he would be loosened; and when the gods refused to release him, the wolf bit off Tyr's hand to the wrist, which was called, in consequence, Ulflithr, or the Wolf's Joint. In the twilight battle of the gods, he meets his death at the same time with his enemy, the monster dog Garmr.