Finances.—The receipts for the fiscal year 1919 to $13,035,622, and the expenditures to $12,651,785. The public debt amounted to $22,912,215. The total valuation of property was $1,270,149,000.
Charities and Correetions.—The insti tutions controlled by the State include the Penitentiary, at Richmond; State Farm, at Lassiter ; hospitals at Williams burg, Marion, and Staunton; Epileptic colony and Colony for Feeble-minded, at Madison Heights; Sanatorium for In cipient Tuberculosis, at Catawba; Sana torium for Negroes, at Burkeville; School for the Deaf and Blind, at Staunton; School for Colored Deaf and Blind, at Newport News; Laurel Industrial School, at School P. 0.; Industrial Home School for Wayward Colored Girls, at Peaks Turnout; Home and Industrial School for Girls, at Bon Air; and Soldiers' Home, at Richmond.
Railways.—There are about 4,800 miles of steam railway in the State.
Banking.—On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 154 National banks in operation, having $23,199,000 in capital; $16,826,000 in outstanding circulation; and $59,530, 000 in United States bonds. There were also 295 State banks, with $17,564,000 capital, and $9,844,000 surplus. The ex changes at the United States clearing house at Richmond, during the year end ing Sept. 30, 1919, aggregated $2,784, 234,000, an increase over those of the preceding year of $633,437,000.
Churches.—The strongest denomina tions in the State are the Regular Baptist, Colored; Methodist Episcopal, South; Regular Baptist, South; African Methodist; Presbyterian, South; Protes tant Episcopal ; Methodist Episcopal; Dis ciples of Christ; Roman Catholic; Lu theran, General Synod; Primitive Bap tists; Dunkard, and Christian.
State Government.—The Governor is elected for a term of four years. Legis lative sessions are held biennially in odd years, beginning on the first Wednesday in January, and are limited in length to 90 days each, but may be extended for a period not exceeding 30 days, upon a three-fifths vote of both houses. The
Legislature has 40 members in the Senate and 100 in the House. There are 10 Representatives in Congress.
History.—The first settlement in Vir ginia was made at Jamestown, by the English in 1607. The London company was reorganized in 1609 and received an extensive territorial grant. After pass ing through the starving time, and being saved from destruction through the ef forts of John Smith the colony became very prosperous. In 1621 a legislature was formed, and in 1676 there occurred Bacon's rebellion brought on by the tyr anny of Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor. George Washington first be came known during the French and In dian War, in 1754, as an officer in the Vir ginia militia. This colony, under the head of Patrick Henry, was the first to resent British oppression in 1764. During the Revolution several important engage ments took place on Virginian soil, most notable being the defeat and surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Oct. 19, 1781. Virginia joined the Confederacy and passed an ordinance of secession on April 17, 1861, and became the scene of some of the most important battles of the Civil War, among them being the two battles of Bull Run, Winchester, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Peninsular campaign, and the battles of the Wilderness campaign; ending in the final surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865. Virginia was readmitted to the Union Jan. 27, 1870, and in 1881 celebrated the 100th anniversary of the surrender at Yorktown by laying the corner stone of a national monument, Oct. 18, 1881. Dur ing the American-Spanish War in 1898, an extensive military camp was estab lished at Camp Alger, near Falls Church, in this State.