WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPER ANCE UNION, The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union was organ ized in Cleveland, 0., in 1S74, and is the sober second thought of the great woman's crusade. It is now regularly organized in the 48 States of the Union, and in every Territory. There are about 10,000 local unions, with a membership and following, including the children's societies, of about 500,000. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union has 40 dis tinct departments of work, presided over by as many women experts, in the Na tional society, and in nearly every State. All the States in the Republic except one have laws requiring the study of scientific temperance in the public schools, and all these laws were secured by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union; also the laws forbidding the sale of tobacco to minors. The first police matrons and most industrial homes for girls were secured through the efforts of this society, as were the refuges for erring women. Laws raising the age of
consent and providing for better pro tection for women and girls have been enacted by many Legislatures through the influence of the department for the promotion of social purity. The World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union was founded through the influence of Frances E. Willard in 1883, and already has auxiliaries in more than 40 countries and provincel. The white ribbon is the badge of all the Woman's Christian Temperance Union members, and is now a familiar emblem in every civilized country. The headquarters of the Na tional organization is Rest Cottage, Evanston, Ill. The organization was active in bringing about the passage of the Woman Suffrage Amendment.