EIGHT-MDR DAY, the period fixed by the demand of the international labor movement as the maximum length of a day's work. With the introduction of disturbances of that time. This princi ple of limiting the day's work was fiercely fought by the manufacturers and other employers, who contended that it was a matter to be regulated only by employer and employee, without out side interfernce, hut organized labor and its friends contended that the sta tus of the single, unorganized worker was economically too weak to enable him to have a voice in regulating an agreement with his employer. It was the first step in "collective bargaining." In the matter of legislation as well as an employer of labor the Federal Governt meat has taken the lead. In 1869 Con gress enacted the first eight-hour law, applying it to the workers in the United States navy yards. Nov all workers directly employed by the Federal Gov 2rnment are similarly protected, and in 1912 Congress enacted a law making the eight-hour day a part of the contract with all private firms or employers working for the Federal Government, with some minor exceptions. Most of the States have passed similar legisla tion for their directly employed workers, and a large number have followed the example of the Federal Government in extending it to contract work. The
tendency to enact and extend such legis lation continues to increase; in 1919 seven States passed laws in this direc tion—Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Ne braska, Nevada, Wisconsin, and Wyo ming. A smaller number of States have already begun to enforce the eight-hour day in private industry, notably for women and children and mine workers. Among these are Utah and North Da kota. Organized labor has enforced this standard with even more success; at the present time the eight-hour day is uni versal in the building and printing trades and in coal mining.
EIMEO (I'me-o), one of the French Society Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, about 10 miles W. N. W. of Tahiti, the principal member of the group. Area, 61 square miles; population, about 1,500. It consists of deep valleys and abrupt hills—the former well cultivated, and the latter heavily timbered. Here Christianity was first introduced in Poly nesia; and here the South Sea College of the London Missionary Society was established. Most of the natives are Protestants.