Education.—In 1920 there were main tained on the islands, 173 public schools with 1,161 teachers and 38,295 pupils, and 59 private schools, with 384 teachers and 7,406 pupils. The number of pupils of all races in private and public schools was 45,701, compared with 43,271 in 1919. The University of Hawaii was established in 1920. This institution de veloped from the College of Hawaii. There were registered in 1920 242 stu dents. There are in the territory two industrial schools, one for boys and one for girls.
Finance.—The total revenue collected by the Territory in 1920 amounted to $10,925,406, and the total expenditures aggregated $10,949,897. There was a balance on hand June 30, 1920, of $506, 334. The assessment of personal and real property in 1920 aggregated $287, 006,792. The total bonded debt in 1920 was $9,394,000.
Banking.—There were in 1920 two banks in operation. The total deposits amounted to $52,783,114, of which $15, 807,778 were savings deposits.
Population.—The population of Ha waii, according to the census of 1914, was 255,912, compared with 191,909 in 1910. According to the 1921 census, the population was 255,912, divided as fol lows: American, British, German, and Russian, 25,000; Chinese, 22,600; Fili pinos, 23,400; Hawaiian, 22,000; Japa nese, 113,500; and Portuguese, 24,800. The remainder was made up of Coreans, mixed Hawaiians, Porto Ricans, Spanish, and others.
History.—The Hawaiian Islands were discovered by the Spaniards under Gae tano in 1549, and examined by Captain Cook in 1778, and during the greater part of the 19th century formed an in dependent kingdom, recognized as such by the United States, Great Britain, France, and other governments. In 1893 the reigning queen, Liliuokalani, was de posed and a provisional government formed. This provisional government resolved itself into a Republic in 1894, with two Houses and a President. Sev eral attempts were made toward the an nexation of Hawaii to the United States, and on July 7, 1898, the Congress of the United States passed a resolution to that effect. On Aug. 12, 1898, Hawaii was formally annexed to the United States. The islands, now known as the Territory of Hawaii, are governed by a governor appointed by the President. All whites, natives of Hawaii, and persons of Afri can descent who were citizens of Hawaii before the annexation, are citizens of the United States. The president of the
provisional and republican governments, and also the first governor after annex ation was Sanford B. Dole.
On June 14, 1900, Hawaii was organ ized as a Territory. Mr. Sanford B. Dole was succeeded as Governor by George R. Carter. He served until 1907. In 1909 the United States Government decided to establish a large military station at Ha waii and work was begun on the forti fications and other necessary work. The organic act was amended in important details in 1910. Especially important changes were made in the land laws. Dredging of Pearl Harbor Channel, which had gone on for many years, was completed in 1912. The legislature of 1913 adopted measures of electoral re form.
Hawaii is the largest military outpost of the United States and was much af fected by the declaration of war between the United States and Germany. The National Guard was brought to the max imum point of enlistment and efficiency and took over the policing of the islands. Eight German vessels and gunboats, which had been interned at Honolulu at the outbreak of the war, were seized by the United States Navy, following the declaration of war with Germany. On June 1, 1918, the first and second regi ments of the National Guard were drafted into Federal service. The Terri tory suffered the greatest storm in its history during 1918. Much damage was done to property. A special session of the Legislature provided for the rebuild ing of bridges and other public works. The great Pearl Harbor dry dock was opened in August, 1919. The Secretary of the Navy and others were present.
In 1920 the islands were unusually prosperous, due largely to the high price of sugar. A commission was appointed by the Legislature to ask Congress to amend the Territorial Organic Act in relation to the land laws. There were strikes during 1920 which lasted from Feb. 1 to June 30. These affected the large plantations. In April, 1920, there was celebrated the centennial of the landing in Hawaii of the first Chris tian missionaries. During the cere monies the Prince of Wales was a guest for several days.